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A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information? Select all that apply.
- A. Nursing instructor
- B. Nurse assigned to the patient
- C. Clinical drug reference
- D. Prescribing health care provider
- E. Clinical pharmacist
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the clinical pharmacist.
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A patient is considering using herbal supplements and asks the nurse about them. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Herbal supplements are safe to use because they are regulated closely.
- B. Herbal supplements can affect the way other medications will act.
- C. Taking more than the recommended amount usually is not harmful because they are natural.
- D. The risk of the supplement interacting with any prescription medications is extremely low.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse needs to explain to the patient that just because an herbal supplement is labeled 'natural' does not mean the supplement is safe or without harmful effects. Herbal supplements can act the same way as drugs and can cause medical problems if not used correctly or if taken in large amounts. Herbal supplements are not regulated by the FDA, so products lack standardization in relation to purity and potency. In addition, the patient should be warned not to take more than the recommended dose of any herbal health product or supplement. The problems that these products can cause are much more likely to occur if the patient takes too much or takes them for too long.
A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about pharmacology. When describing this topic, the instructor would focus the discussion on which of the following as an essential aspect?
- A. Drug name
- B. Drug class
- C. Drug action
- D. Drug source
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their action on living organisms. Thus, an essential aspect of pharmacology is drug action. An understanding of the drug name, drug class, and drug source is important, but the most critical aspect related to pharmacology is how the drug acts in the body.
After teaching a group of nursing students about nonprescription drugs, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. They require a licensed health care provider's signature.
- B. They are referred to as over-the-counter drugs.
- C. They can be taken without risk to the client.
- D. They have certain labeling requirements.
- E. They should be taken only as directed on the label.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Nonprescription drugs are often referred to as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. They do not require a prescription (a licensed health care provider's signature) but do not come without risk to the client. The federal government has imposed labeling requirements of OTC drugs and they should only be taken as directed on the label unless under the supervision of a health care provider.
Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs in the institutional setting? Select all that apply.
- A. Administering drugs
- B. Monitoring clients for drug effects
- C. Prescribing drugs
- D. Evaluating clients for toxic effects
- E. Educating clients/caregivers about drugs
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: In the institutional setting, the nurse's role to ensure safe use of prescription drugs includes administering drugs, monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, and educating clients and caregivers about drugs.
When reviewing information about the Orphan Drug Program, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply.
- A. The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rare diseases.
- B. The program grants provisional approval with a written commitment from the drug company to formally demonstrate client benefits.
- C. The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance, and special tax credits, to develop products to treat rare diseases.
- D. The program grants 7 years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer if approved.
- E. The program accelerates approval of drugs based on preliminary evidence before formal demonstration of client benefits.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The Orphan Drug Program encourages the development and marketing of products used to treat rare diseases. The program provides incentives to encourage manufacturers to develop orphan drugs, and if approved, the manufacturer has 7 years of exclusive marketing rights. Accelerated programs involve provisional approval and approval based on preliminary evidence.