Nokea
A nursing student learning about antibody-mediated immunity learns that the cell with the most direct role in this process begins development in which tissues or organ?
- A. Bone marrow
- B. Spleen
- C. Thymus
- D. Cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The B cell, which is the primary cell in antibody-mediated immunity, originates and is released from the bone marrow before traveling to secondary lymphoid tissues.
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A nurse is assessing a client for acute rejection of a kidney transplant. What assessment finding requires the most rapid communication with the provider?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 18 mg/dL
- B. Cloudy, foul-smelling urine
- C. Creatinine of 3 mg/dL
- D. Urine output of 340 mL/8 hr
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A creatinine level of 3 mg/dL is elevated, indicating possible kidney dysfunction and a sign of acute rejection, requiring urgent communication with the provider.
A student nurse is learning about the types of different cells involved in the inflammatory response. Which principles does the student learn?
- A. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- B. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- C. Macrophages participate in many episodes of phagocytosis
- D. Monocytes turn into macrophages after they enter body tissues
- E. Neutrophils can only take part in one episode of phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Basophils are involved in both general inflammation and allergic/hypersensitivity responses. Macrophages can perform multiple phagocytosis episodes, monocytes differentiate into macrophages in tissues, and neutrophils are limited to one phagocytosis event.
The nurse understands that which type of immunity is the longest acting?
- A. Artificial active
- B. Inflammatory
- C. Natural active
- D. Natural passive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural active immunity, acquired through exposure to an antigen, is the most effective and longest-lasting type of immunity compared to artificial active, natural passive, or inflammatory responses.
A nurse is assessing any older client for the presence of infection. The clients temperature is 97.6 F (36.4 C). What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Assess the client for more specific signs
- B. Conclude that an infection is not present
- C. Conclude that an infection is not present.
- D. Request that the provider order blood cultures.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because older adults have decreased immune function, including reduced neutrophil function, fever may not be present during an episode of infection. The nurse should assess the client for specific signs of infection.
The nurse working in an organ transplantation program knows that which individual is typically the best donor of an organ?
- A. Child
- B. Identical twin
- C. Parent
- D. Same-sex sibling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An identical twin is the best donor because their genetic makeup is identical to the recipient, minimizing the risk of rejection.