Nokea
A parent asks the nurse "at what age do most infants begin to fear strangers?" The nurse should give which response?
- A. 2 months
- B. 4 months
- C. 6 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most infants begin to exhibit fear or stranger anxiety around 6 months of age. This is a normal developmental stage where infants become more aware of their surroundings and become wary of unfamiliar people. Infants may become anxious or cry when approached by strangers, showing that they prefer familiar faces like parents or caregivers. This behavior typically peaks between 6 to 9 months and gradually decreases as the child grows older and gains more social experience.
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Granulocytic sarcoma masses are commonly seen in which type of the following malignancies?
- A. neuroblastoma
- B. rhabdomyosarcoma
- C. soft tissue sarcoma
- D. AML
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Granulocytic sarcoma is most commonly associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a useful surface marker in some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); it is secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts. In which of the following GCTs this surface marker is characteristically elevated?
- A. teratoma
- B. germinoma
- C. endodermal sinus tumor
- D. embryonal carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.
Which statement is true about gonorrhea?
- A. It is caused by Treponema pallidum.
- B. Treatment is by multidose administration of penicillin.
- C. Treatment is by topical applications to lesions.
- D. Treatment of all sexual contacts is an essential part of treatment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The recommended treatment for gonorrhea is a combination of antibiotics. Currently, multidose administration of antibiotics such as ceftriaxone or azithromycin is often used due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Treatment by topical applications to lesions is not effective in treating systemic infections like gonorrhea. Treating all sexual contacts is an essential part of the management of gonorrhea to prevent reinfection and further transmission of the infection.
A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. What weight should the nurse expect him to be now?
- A. 16 lb 4 oz
- B. 20 lb 5 oz
- C. 24 lb 6 oz
- D. 32 lb 8 oz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants typically triple their birth weight by 12 months. For an 8-lb infant, that would be approximately 24 lb.
What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis?
- A. Treatments are done in hospitals.
- B. Protein loss is less extensive.
- C. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
- D. Parents and older children can perform treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that protein loss is less extensive compared to hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis operates by using the peritoneal membrane in the abdomen to act as a natural filter, helping to remove waste products and excess fluids from the body. The process of peritoneal dialysis allows for a slower, more continuous removal of waste substances, which results in reduced protein loss as compared to hemodialysis. This can be beneficial for maintaining overall nutritional status and preventing complications related to protein deficiencies in patients undergoing dialysis treatment.