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A parent remarks, 'My 18-month-old daughter carries her blanket around everywhere. Is this normal?' What is the best explanation a nurse who has an understanding of toddler development might give?
- A. She carries her blanket because she is ritualistic.
- B. Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior.
- C. This behavior can be discouraged by offering new toys to the child.
- D. This could be indicative of emotional distress.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Favorite possessions and repetitive rituals are self-consoling behaviors for the toddler.
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The nurse is discussing toilet training with parents. What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness?
- A. Willing to sit on the potty for 15 to 20 minutes
- B. Dry in the daytime for 4-hour periods
- C. Able to communicate that he or she is wet
- D. Curious about bathroom activities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children are ready for toilet training when they can communicate in some fashion that they are wet or need to urinate or defecate.
What would be an expected finding when assessing language development in a 2-year-old child?
- A. A 900-word vocabulary
- B. Use of two-word sentences
- C. Use of pronouns and prepositions
- D. 100% of speech is understandable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The 2-year-old child should be using two-word sentences.
The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. What type of play is this?
- A. Solitary
- B. Parallel
- C. Associative
- D. Cooperative
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers engage in parallel play. Children play next to, but not with, each other.
What could the nurse recommend to a child's mother to encourage a toddler to practice independence?
- A. Offer a variety of items to choose from to stimulate his mind.
- B. Allow the child to determine his own daily routine.
- C. Offer him a choice between two items.
- D. Set the routine herself, but discuss with her toddler how he or she would have done it differently.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The toddler can be allowed to make choices as the situation warrants, but the number of choices should be limited because too many confuse the toddler.
The nurse points out which physiological change(s) in the toddler that serve(s) as protection against disease? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Toughening of the skin
- B. Increased capillary response for thermoregulation
- C. Stabilization of body temperature
- D. Elevation in white blood cell count
- E. Enlarged adenoids and tonsils
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: With the exception of an increased white blood cell (WBC) count, which is always pathological, the other options are all maturing changes that equip the toddler to better fight disease.