Nokea
A parish nurse is describing the relationships between health and physical fitness to a group of older adults who all attend the same church. What potential benefits of a regular exercise program should the nurse describe? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreased cholesterol levels
- B. Delayed degenerative changes
- C. Improved sensory function
- D. Improved overall muscle strength
- E. Increased blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Clinicians and researchers who have examined the relationship between health and physical fitness have found that a regular exercise program can promote health in the following ways: by decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; delaying degenerative changes, such as osteoporosis; and improving flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance. Physical fitness does not improve the senses or increase blood sugar.
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The nursing profession and nurses as individuals have a responsibility to promote activities that foster well-being. What factor has most influenced nurses abilities to play this vital role?
- A. Nurses are seen as nurturing professionals.
- B. Nurses possess a baccalaureate degree as the entry to practice.
- C. Nurses possess an authentic desire to help others.
- D. Nurses have long-established credibility with the public.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses, by virtue of their expertise in health and health care and their long-established credibility with consumers, play a vital role in health promotion. The other options are incorrect because they are not the most influential when it comes to health promotion by nursing and nurses.
You are the oncoming nurse and you have just taken end-of-shift report on your patients. One of your patients newly diagnosed with diabetes was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which behavior best demonstrates this patients willingness to learn?
- A. The patient requests a visit from the hospitals diabetic educator.
- B. The patient sets aside a dessert brought in by a family member.
- C. The patient wants a family member to meet with the dietician to discuss meals.
- D. The patient readily allows the nurse to measure his blood glucose level.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emotional readiness also affects the motivation to learn. A person who has not accepted an existing illness or the threat of illness is not motivated to learn. The patients willingness to learn is expressed through the action of seeking information on his or her own accord. Seeking information shows an emotional readiness to learn. The other options do not as clearly demonstrate a willingness to learn.
Health care professionals are involved in the promotion of health as much as in the treatment of disease. Health promotion has evolved as a part of health care for many reasons. Which of the following factors has most influenced the growing emphasis on health promotion?
- A. A changing definition of health
- B. An awareness that wellness exists
- C. An expanded definition of chronic illness
- D. A belief that disease is preventable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The concept of health promotion has evolved because of a changing definition of health and an awareness that wellness exists at many levels of functioning. The other options are incorrect because health promotion has not evolved because we know that wellness exists or a belief that disease is preventable. No expanded definition of chronic illness has caused the concept of health promotion to evolve.
A nurse is working with a teenage boy who was recently diagnosed with asthma. During the current session, the nurse has taught the boy how to administer his bronchodilator by metered-dose inhaler. How should the nurse evaluate the teaching-learning process?
- A. Ask the boy specific questions about his medication.
- B. Ask the boy whether he now understands how to use his inhaler.
- C. Directly observe the boy using his inhaler to give himself a dose.
- D. Assess the boys respiratory health at the next scheduled visit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Demonstration and practice are essential ingredients of a teaching program, especially when teaching skills. It is best to demonstrate the skill and then give the learner ample opportunity for practice. By observing the patient using the inhaler, the nurse may identify what learning needs to be enhanced or reinforced. Asking questions is not as an accurate gauge of learning. Respiratory assessment is a relevant, but indirect, indicator of learning. Delaying the appraisal of the patients technique until a later clinic visit is inappropriate because health problems could occur in the interval.
A gerontologic nurse has observed that patients often fail to adhere to a therapeutic regimen. What strategy should the nurse adopt to best assist an older adult in adhering to a therapeutic regimen involving wound care?
- A. Demonstrate a dressing change and allow the patient to practice.
- B. Provide a detailed pamphlet on a dressing change.
- C. Verbally instruct the patient how to change a dressing and check for comprehension.
- D. Delegate the dressing change to a trusted family member.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must consider that older adults may have deficits in the ability to draw inferences, apply information, or understand major teaching points. Demonstration and practice are essential in meeting their learning needs. The other options are incorrect because the elderly may have problems reading and/or understanding a written pamphlet or verbal instructions. Having a family member change the dressing when the patient is capable of doing it impedes self-care and independence.