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The nurse is planning to teach a 75-year-old patient with coronary artery disease about administering her prescribed antiplatelet medication. How can the nurse best enhance the patients ability to learn?
- A. Provide links to Web sites that contain evidence-based information.
- B. Exclude family members from the session to prevent distraction.
- C. Use color-coded materials that are succinct and engaging.
- D. Make the information directly relevant to the patients condition.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Studies have shown that older adults can learn and remember if the information is paced appropriately, relevant, and followed by appropriate feedback. Family members should be included in health education. The nurse should not assume that the patients color vision is intact or that the patient possesses adequate computer skills.
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A nurse has been studying research that examines the association between stress levels and negative health outcomes. Which relationship should underlie the educational interventions that the nurse chooses to teach?
- A. Stress impairs sleep patterns.
- B. Stress decreases immune function.
- C. Stress increases weight.
- D. Stress decreases concentration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Studies have shown the negative effects of stress on health and a cause-and-effect relationship between stress and infectious diseases, traumatic injuries (e.g., motor vehicle crashes), and some chronic illnesses. It is well known that stress decreases the immune response, thereby making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. The other options can also be correct in certain individuals, but they are not those that best support stress-reduction initiatives.
An occupational health nurse is in the planning stages of a new health promotion campaign in the workplace. When appraising the potential benefits of the program, the nurse should consider that success depends primarily on what quality in the participants?
- A. Desire to expand knowledge
- B. Self-awareness
- C. Adequate time- and task-management
- D. Taking responsibility for oneself
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking responsibility for oneself is the key to successful health promotion, superseding the importance of desire to learn information, self-awareness, or time-management.
The nurse is working with a male patient who has diagnoses of coronary artery disease and angina pectoris. During a clinic visit, the nurse learns that he has only been taking his prescribed antiplatelet medication when he experiences chest pain and fatigue. What nursing diagnosis is most relevant to this assessment finding?
- A. Acute pain related to myocardial ischemia
- B. Confusion related to mismanagement of drug regimen
- C. Ineffective health maintenance related to inappropriate medication use
- D. Ineffective role performance related to inability to manage medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This patients actions suggest that by taking his medications incorrectly he is not adequately maintaining his health. Role performance is not directly applicable to the patients actions and confusion suggests a cognitive deficit. Pain is not central to the essence of the problem.
A 20-year-old man newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes needs to learn how to self-administer insulin. When planning the appropriate educational interventions and considering variables that will affect his learning, the nurse should prioritize which of the following factors?
- A. Patients expected lifespan
- B. Patients gender
- C. Patients occupation
- D. Patients culture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: One of the major variables that influences a patients readiness to learn is the patients culture, because it affects how a person learns and what information is learned. Other variables include illness states, values, emotional readiness, and physical readiness. Lifespan, occupation, and gender are variables that are usually less salient.
Health care professionals are involved in the promotion of health as much as in the treatment of disease. Health promotion has evolved as a part of health care for many reasons. Which of the following factors has most influenced the growing emphasis on health promotion?
- A. A changing definition of health
- B. An awareness that wellness exists
- C. An expanded definition of chronic illness
- D. A belief that disease is preventable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The concept of health promotion has evolved because of a changing definition of health and an awareness that wellness exists at many levels of functioning. The other options are incorrect because health promotion has not evolved because we know that wellness exists or a belief that disease is preventable. No expanded definition of chronic illness has caused the concept of health promotion to evolve.