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The nurse is teaching a local community group about the importance of disease prevention. Why is the nurse justified in emphasizing disease prevention as a component of health promotion?
- A. Prevention is emphasized as the link between personal behavior and health.
- B. Most Americans die of preventable causes.
- C. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) now emphasize prevention as the main criterion of health care.
- D. External environment affects the outcome of most disease processes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 defines the current national health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative for the nation. The overall goals are to (1) increase the quality and years of healthy life for people and (2) eliminate health disparities among various segments of the population. Most deaths are not classified as being preventable. HMO priorities do not underlie this emphasis. The external environment affects many disease processes, but the course of illness is primarily determined by factors intrinsic to the patient.
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Health promotion ranks high on the list of health-related concerns of the American public. Based on current knowledge, what factor should the nurse prioritize in an effort to promote health, longevity, and weight control in patients?
- A. Good nutrition
- B. Stress reduction
- C. Use of vitamins
- D. Screening for health risks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It has been suggested that good nutrition is the single most significant factor in determining health status, longevity, and weight control. A balanced diet that uses few artificial ingredients and is low in fat, caffeine, and sodium constitutes a healthy diet. Stress reduction and screening for health risks are correct answers, just not the most significant factors. Vitamin use is not normally necessary when an individual eats a healthy diet, except in specific circumstances.
A public health nurse understands that health promotion should continue across the lifespan. When planning health promotion initiatives, when in the lifespan should health promotion begin?
- A. Adolescence
- B. School age
- C. Preschool
- D. Before birth
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health promotion should begin prior to birth because the health practices of a mother prior to the birth of her child can be influenced positively or negatively. This makes the other options incorrect.
Middle-aged adults are part of an age group that is known to be interested in health and health promotion, and the nurse is planning health promotion activities accordingly. To what suggestions do members of this age group usually respond with enthusiasm? Select all that apply.
- A. How lifestyle practices can improve health
- B. How to eat healthier
- C. How exercise can improve your life
- D. Strategies for adhering to prescribed therapies
- E. Exercise for the aging
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Young and middle-aged adults represent an age group that not only expresses an interest in health and health promotion but also responds enthusiastically to suggestions that show how lifestyle practices can improve health; these lifestyle practices include nutrition and exercise. Middle-aged adults may not respond positively to teaching aimed at the aging. Adherence is not noted to be a desired focus in this age group.
The nursing profession and nurses as individuals have a responsibility to promote activities that foster well-being. What factor has most influenced nurses abilities to play this vital role?
- A. Nurses are seen as nurturing professionals.
- B. Nurses possess a baccalaureate degree as the entry to practice.
- C. Nurses possess an authentic desire to help others.
- D. Nurses have long-established credibility with the public.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurses, by virtue of their expertise in health and health care and their long-established credibility with consumers, play a vital role in health promotion. The other options are incorrect because they are not the most influential when it comes to health promotion by nursing and nurses.
A school nurse is facilitating a health screening program among junior high school students. What purpose of health screening should the nurse prioritize when planning this program?
- A. To teach students about health risks that they can expect as they grow and develop
- B. To evaluate the treatment of students current health problems
- C. To identify the presence of infectious diseases
- D. To detect health problems at an early age so they can be treated promptly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The goal of health screening in the adolescent population has been to detect health problems at an early age so that they can be treated at this time. An additional goal includes efforts to promote positive health practices at an early age. The focus is not on anticipatory guidance or evaluation of treatment. Health screening includes infectious diseases, but is not limited to these.