Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient admitted to the ICU develops septic shock with refractory hypotension despite fluid resuscitation. Which intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to improve the patient's hemodynamic status?

  • A. Administer vasopressor medications to increase systemic vascular resistance.
  • B. Initiate continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for fluid removal.
  • C. Perform a bedside echocardiogram to assess cardiac function.
  • D. Recommend a transfusion of packed red blood cells to optimize oxygen delivery.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with septic shock and refractory hypotension despite fluid resuscitation, the healthcare team should prioritize administering vasopressor medications to increase systemic vascular resistance. Vasopressors such as norepinephrine or vasopressin can be used to support blood pressure and perfusion to vital organs by constricting blood vessels and improving blood flow. By increasing systemic vascular resistance, vasopressors help to counteract the excessive vasodilation seen in septic shock and improve hemodynamic stability. It is crucial to address hypotension promptly in septic shock to prevent organ dysfunction and failure. Other interventions, such as fluid removal through continuous renal replacement therapy, assessing cardiac function with echocardiogram, or optimizing oxygen delivery through a transfusion of packed red blood cells, may be considered based on specific patient factors but do not address the primary issue of inadequate perf

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When a health facility formulates its Vision- Mission to guided Management and health personnel in the work place is what part of quality-standards?

  • A. Human resource management
  • B. Leadership and management
  • C. Patient care standards
  • D. Organizational ethics
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The formulation of a vision and mission statement in a health facility is an essential aspect of leadership and management. A well-crafted vision and mission statement provide the organization with a clear direction and purpose, guiding management and health personnel in their daily activities. It helps in aligning individual goals with organizational objectives, fostering teamwork, and enhancing overall performance. Effective leadership and management ensure that the vision and mission are communicated effectively, understood by all stakeholders, and implemented throughout the organization to achieve quality standards. By setting the tone for organizational culture and values, leadership and management play a crucial role in shaping the quality of care and services provided by the health facility.

The group used an audio recorder to capture what transpired during the interview. After the transcription, which of the following action is APPROPRIATE for the group to do with the audiotape?

  • A. Keep the audiotape in a vault and dispose of it a year after.
  • B. Submit the audiotape to their research adviser.
  • C. Throw it in the trash bin immediately after it was used.
  • D. Post the recording on their university research website for others to listen.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Submitting the audiotape to their research adviser is the appropriate action for the group to take after transcription. It is important to maintain the audiotape as a research record for verification purposes, especially if any discrepancies arise during the analysis of the transcript. The research adviser can provide guidance on how to securely store or handle the audiotape in compliance with research ethics and data protection guidelines. This ensures the integrity of the research process and supports transparency in the event of any future inquiries or validation requirements. Keeping a record of the audiotape and following proper protocols for its handling is essential in conducting ethical and reliable research.

A postpartum client presents with sudden, severe chest pain and dyspnea. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

  • A. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position
  • B. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy
  • C. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately
  • D. Encouraging the client to perform deep breathing exercises
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sudden, severe chest pain and dyspnea in a postpartum client could be indicative of a potential serious condition, such as a pulmonary embolism or postpartum cardiomyopathy, which require immediate medical attention. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing action would be to notify the healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation and management. Placing the client in a semi-Fowler's position may provide some comfort but does not address the underlying cause of the symptoms. Administering supplemental oxygen therapy may be necessary once the healthcare provider assesses the client. Encouraging deep breathing exercises may not be appropriate if the client is experiencing severe chest pain and dyspnea, as it could worsen the situation.

What is the FIRST step in the qualitative research process?

  • A. Data analysis
  • B. Review of literature
  • C. Sample
  • D. Study design
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The first step in the qualitative research process is typically conducting a review of existing literature on the topic of interest. This involves exploring existing research studies, theories, and findings related to the area being studied. By reviewing the literature, researchers can gain a better understanding of the current knowledge and identify gaps in the existing research that their study can address. This step helps researchers define the research question, refine the study design, and establish a strong theoretical framework for the study.

A 70- year-old has been rushed to the hospital due to bradycardia and palpitation. The physician suggested that a pacemaker be inserted to correct the symptoms. The patient voluntarily decides not to have the pacemaker Inserted. This is respected by the family. This is an example of what ethical principles

  • A. Beneficence
  • B. Justice
  • C. Autonomy
  • D. Justice
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own medical treatment, free from coercion or undue influence. In this scenario, the 70-year-old patient has voluntarily decided not to have the pacemaker inserted despite the physician's recommendation. The fact that the decision is respected by the family further highlights the importance of autonomy in this situation. Respecting the patient's right to make choices regarding their own healthcare, even if it goes against medical advice, demonstrates a commitment to autonomy as an ethical principle.

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