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A patient asks about the benefits of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) during IVF. What should the nurse explain?
- A. PGT is used to improve uterine health.
- B. It helps identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before transfer.
- C. PGT eliminates the need for regular fertility testing.
- D. It guarantees a healthy pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It helps identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before transfer. PGT is used during IVF to screen embryos for genetic conditions, allowing for the selection of healthy embryos for transfer, reducing the risk of passing genetic disorders to offspring. This is a crucial benefit of PGT as it helps in making informed decisions about embryo selection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because PGT focuses on genetic screening of embryos, not on improving uterine health, eliminating the need for fertility testing, or guaranteeing a healthy pregnancy.
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A woman asks the obstetrician's nurse about cord blood banking. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be best?
- A. I think it would be best to ask the doctor to tell you about that.
- B. The cord blood is frozen in case your baby develops a serious illness in the future.
- C. The doctors could transfuse anyone who gets into a bad accident with the blood.
- D. Cord blood banking is very expensive and the blood is rarely ever used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cord blood banking preserves stem cells for potential future medical use.
Choose the correct instructions for a man who must provide a semen sample.
- A. After collecting the sample in a condom, refrigerate it until it is transported to the laboratory.
- B. Masturbation is the only way a good sample can be obtained.
- C. Keep the sample near the body, and transport it to the laboratory within 1 hour.
- D. Do not take any regularly scheduled drugs for 3 days before obtaining the sample.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instructions for a man providing a semen sample is to keep the sample near the body and transport it to the laboratory within 1 hour. This ensures the sample remains viable for accurate testing.
What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the menstrual cycle?
- A. To stimulate the release of a mature egg.
- B. To promote the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles.
- C. To thicken the uterine lining for implantation.
- D. To regulate progesterone production post-ovulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To promote the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. FSH plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle by stimulating the development of ovarian follicles in the ovary. As FSH levels rise, it triggers the growth of multiple follicles, one of which will eventually mature and release an egg during ovulation. Choice A is incorrect because it is actually luteinizing hormone (LH) that triggers the release of a mature egg. Choice C is incorrect as thickening of the uterine lining is primarily influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Choice D is incorrect because progesterone production is mainly regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and not FSH.
What is the primary purpose of Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in IVF?
- A. To increase the number of embryos available for transfer.
- B. To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation.
- C. To enhance uterine receptivity for implantation.
- D. To stimulate egg production during ovarian stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To identify genetic abnormalities in embryos before implantation. PGT is used to screen embryos for genetic disorders before implantation in IVF to prevent the transmission of genetic diseases to the offspring. By identifying abnormalities, only healthy embryos are selected for transfer, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy. Other choices are incorrect as PGT does not directly impact the number of embryos available (A), uterine receptivity (C), or egg production (D) during IVF.
Which situation best describes secondary infertility in a couple?
- A. Never conceived.
- B. Had repeated spontaneous abortions.
- C. Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- D. Has one child but cannot conceive a second time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secondary infertility refers to the inability of a couple to conceive after having one or more children without any fertility issues. This situation indicates that the couple had a successful pregnancy in the past but is now facing difficulties conceiving again.
A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Never conceived - This does not align with the definition of secondary infertility as it involves a previous successful pregnancy.
B: Had repeated spontaneous abortions - This refers to recurrent pregnancy loss, not secondary infertility.
C: Not conceived after 1 year of unprotected intercourse - This describes primary infertility, not secondary infertility.