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A patient asks, 'What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?' Which response should the nurse make?
- A. They encapsulate the virus-infected cells.'
- B. They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy.'
- C. They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus.'
- D. They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because antiretroviral medications used for HIV treatment work by inhibiting enzymes essential for viral replication, thus interfering with viral production. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. Option A is incorrect as medications do not encapsulate virus-infected cells. Option B is incorrect as the medications do not mark the virus for natural killer cells. Option C is incorrect as medications do not attract macrophages to the cells.
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Which of the following health care system barriers can affect a patient's adherence?
- A. Treatment of asymptomatic disease
- B. Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning
- C. Forgetfulness
- D. Inadequate health insurance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning disrupts continuity of care, a systemic barrier to adherence.
Registered nurses care for clients in many settings and environments. These clients can be individual clients, couples, families, populations and communities. You have decided to use the Dimensions Model of Health model to assess, monitor and evaluate the health status of the community. Which of these dimensions is NOT an element of this Dimensions Model of Health model?
- A. The Biophysical Dimension
- B. The Psychological and Emotional Dimension
- C. The Spiritual Dimension
- D. The Health Systems Dimension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Health Systems is not a dimension in this model.
The child's ability to understand consequences develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding consequences, tied to logical thinking, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family and attends a day care center. A nurse at the day care center noticed the adult had a disheveled appearance, strong odor of urine, and bruises on the limbs and back. What type of abuse might be occurring?
- A. Psychological
- B. Financial
- C. Physical
- D. Sexual
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy body dementia results in cognitive impairment. The assessment of physical abuse would be supported by the nurses observation of bruises. Physical abuse includes evidence of improper care as well as physical endangerment behaviors, such as reckless behavior toward a vulnerable person that could lead to serious injury. No data substantiate the other options.
A nurse worked at a hospital for several months, resigned, and then took a position at another hospital. In the new position, the nurse often volunteers to be the medication nurse. After several serious medication errors, an investigation reveals that the nurse was diverting patient narcotics for self-use. What early indicator of the nurse’s drug use was evident?
- A. Accepting responsibility for medication errors.
- B. Seeking to be assigned as the medication nurse.
- C. Frequent complaints of physical pain.
- D. High sociability with peers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Seeking to be assigned as the medication nurse. This behavior is an early indicator of drug use because it provides the nurse with easier access to narcotics, which they may be seeking for self-use. By actively seeking out this responsibility, the nurse may have ulterior motives related to drug diversion.
Choice A is incorrect because accepting responsibility for medication errors is a common behavior among healthcare professionals and does not necessarily indicate drug use. Choice C, frequent complaints of physical pain, is also incorrect as it could be related to various health issues and not specifically drug use. Choice D, high sociability with peers, is not a direct indicator of drug use and does not provide any evidence of potential drug diversion.