Nokea
The psychosexual stage associated with toilet training is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anal stage (1-3 years, Freud) involves control over bodily functions.
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When asked if complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have value as nursing interventions for mentally ill individuals the nurse replies:
- A. If the client is interested in CAM therapies, as a nurse I need to support that interest.'
- B. CAM therapies are controversial; as a nurse I think their use should be discussed with the physician first.'
- C. Some of these therapies have been proven to have a positive impact on a variety of mental health conditions; to provide effective care for my clients I need to be aware and open to their appropriate use.'
- D. These nontraditional therapies seem to work for some people; as a nurse, I need to educate my clients as to their limitations.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C is correct:
1. Choice C acknowledges that some CAM therapies have been proven to have a positive impact on mental health conditions.
2. As a nurse, being aware and open to the appropriate use of these therapies can enhance the quality of care provided to mentally ill individuals.
3. By embracing evidence-based practices, the nurse can integrate effective CAM therapies into the treatment plan.
4. It demonstrates a patient-centered approach by considering the potential benefits of CAM therapies for individual clients.
5. This response aligns with the principles of holistic nursing care and evidence-based practice in mental health.
Summary:
Choice A focuses solely on the client's interest without considering evidence-based practice. Choice B emphasizes the controversial nature of CAM without recognizing its potential benefits. Choice D implies a lack of confidence in CAM therapies without acknowledging their proven efficacy. Choice C stands out for its evidence-based approach and patient-centered care in considering the positive impact of CAM therapies on mental health conditions.
The primary advantage of a heterogeneous therapeutic group is that:
- A. There will be a variety of backgrounds represented in the group.
- B. Individuals will be expected to function outside their comfort zone.
- C. An opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view will exist.
- D. Members will see that they are not alone and that others have problems as well.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a heterogeneous therapeutic group allows members to examine their experiences from varied points of view. This can lead to greater insight, empathy, and understanding among group members. By hearing different perspectives, individuals can gain new insights into their own struggles and learn from others' experiences. This process can enhance personal growth, promote tolerance, and foster a sense of community within the group.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they may be potential advantages of a therapeutic group, they do not specifically address the primary advantage of a heterogeneous group, which is the opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view. Choice A focuses on diversity in backgrounds, choice B on stepping outside comfort zones, and choice D on creating a sense of solidarity among group members. However, these advantages are not as directly related to the main benefit of a heterogeneous group as choice C.
Which of the following health care system barriers can affect a patient's adherence?
- A. Treatment of asymptomatic disease
- B. Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning
- C. Forgetfulness
- D. Inadequate health insurance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning disrupts continuity of care, a systemic barrier to adherence.
Approximately ----- million Americans are blind or visually impaired:
- A. 10.4
- B. 11.4
- C. 12.4
- D. 15.4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: About 10.4 million Americans are blind or visually impaired, per current estimates.
The greatest negative personal result of stigma directed toward those diagnosed with a mental illness is:
- A. Low self-esteem.
- B. Impaired social skills.
- C. Poor employment prospects.
- D. Increased risk for substance abuse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low self-esteem. Stigma towards mental illness can lead to individuals internalizing negative beliefs about themselves, resulting in low self-esteem. This can impact their overall well-being and hinder their ability to seek help and engage in social activities. Impaired social skills (B) can be a consequence of stigma but is not the greatest negative personal result. Poor employment prospects (C) and increased risk for substance abuse (D) can also be outcomes of stigma, but they are not directly related to the individual's self-perception and personal well-being as low self-esteem.