Nokea
Believes that human behavior is learned
- A. Bruner
- B. Skinner
- C. Piaget
- D. Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes behavior learned through observation.
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An HIV-infected patient reports being a cat lover and says, 'I always get my pets from a known sanitary source.' What should the nurse instruct the patient about cats and the risk of infection?
- A. Keep cats outdoors most of the time.'
- B. Obtain only cats that are less than 1 year old.'
- C. Remove all pets from your home. Avoid all contact with cats.'
- D. Be sure all the cats have up-to-date immunizations, and avoid their feces.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk for infections, including from Toxoplasma gondii found in cat feces. By ensuring cats have up-to-date immunizations and avoiding their feces, the patient can reduce the risk of infection.
A: Keeping cats outdoors most of the time does not address the risk from cat feces inside the house.
B: The age of the cat does not necessarily correlate with the risk of infection, so this advice is not relevant.
C: Removing all pets and avoiding all contact with cats is an extreme measure and not necessary if proper precautions are taken.
The nurse demonstrates an understanding of the first assumption of Stuart's Stress Adaptation Model when:
- A. Encouraging a client's adult children to accompany their parent to family group therapy sessions.
- B. Discussing with a client's health team which interventions should be included in the plan of care.
- C. Planning interventions based on a particular nursing theory that is relevant to the client's problem.
- D. Identifying community resources that will help a mentally ill client live in his own home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first assumption of Stuart's Stress Adaptation Model is that the client is a part of a larger system involving family and social support. By encouraging a client's adult children to accompany their parent to family group therapy sessions, the nurse is acknowledging and incorporating the client's support system. This aligns with the model's focus on involving family members in the client's care to promote adaptation and stress management. This approach recognizes the importance of social support in the client's overall well-being.
Summary of Other Choices:
B: Discussing interventions with the health team focuses on collaboration and coordination but does not specifically address the client's family support system as required by the model.
C: Planning interventions based on a nursing theory is important but does not directly align with the first assumption of involving the client's family.
D: Identifying community resources is beneficial, but it does not specifically address the client's family support system, which is the primary focus of the first assumption in Stuart
Using Bowen’s systems approach with a family in therapy, the therapist would:
- A. Try to change family principles that may be promoting dysfunctional behavior patterns.
- B. Strive to create change in destructive behavior through improvement in communication and interaction patterns.
- C. Encourage increase in the differentiation of individual family members.
- D. Promote change in dysfunctional behavior by encouraging the formation of more diffuse boundaries between family members.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in Bowen's systems approach, the therapist focuses on increasing the differentiation of individual family members. This means helping each member develop their own sense of self and become more autonomous within the family system. By doing so, family members can better manage their emotions and relationships, leading to healthier dynamics.
Choice A is incorrect because Bowen's approach does not aim to change family principles but rather focuses on individual growth within the family system. Choice B is incorrect because the emphasis is not solely on improving communication but rather on enhancing differentiation. Choice D is incorrect because promoting more diffuse boundaries can actually lead to further dysfunction, as Bowen's approach emphasizes strengthening individual boundaries for healthier family functioning.
Ethnic minorities are often victims of stigmatization regarding their mental illnesses. The nurse initially addresses this potential problem by:
- A. Informing a client of his civil rights.
- B. Educating a client as to various available counseling services.
- C. Discussing with the client how family and friends are reacting to his illness.
- D. Helping the client develop the confidence to stand up for himself.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because discussing how family and friends are reacting to the client's illness helps identify potential sources of stigma and provides insight into the client's support system. This allows the nurse to address specific issues and provide appropriate interventions. Option A is incorrect as civil rights may not directly address stigma. Option B focuses on counseling services but doesn't directly address stigma. Option D addresses confidence but may not directly tackle the issue of stigma faced by ethnic minorities.
An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family and attends a day care center. A nurse at the day care center noticed the adult had a disheveled appearance, strong odor of urine, and bruises on the limbs and back. What type of abuse might be occurring?
- A. Psychological
- B. Financial
- C. Physical
- D. Sexual
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy body dementia results in cognitive impairment. The assessment of physical abuse would be supported by the nurses observation of bruises. Physical abuse includes evidence of improper care as well as physical endangerment behaviors, such as reckless behavior toward a vulnerable person that could lead to serious injury. No data substantiate the other options.