Nokea
A patient calls the clinic Monday morning. She had condomless sex Friday night and is interested in emergency contraception. What should the nurse tell this patient?
- A. Emergency contraception pills are very effective for medically induced abortions early in pregnancy.
- B. If she is not midcycle when she had sex, she does not need emergency contraception.
- C. It is too late for her to use emergency contraceptive pills, but she can come in for placement of a copper IUD.
- D. She can use emergency contraceptive pills, even if she has had other condomless sex since the Friday night event.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct advice for the patient in this scenario is to inform her that she can still use emergency contraceptive pills, even if she has had other condomless sex since the Friday night event. Emergency contraceptive pills are most effective when taken as soon as possible after unprotected sex, but they can still be used within a certain window of time depending on the type of pill used. It is important to inform the patient that she can take emergency contraception in this situation to reduce the risk of an unintended pregnancy.
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A 30-year-old woman is considering the use of emergency contraception. Which of the following is true about its use?
- A. It is most effective when used within 72 hours after unprotected sex.
- B. It should be used at least 5 days after unprotected sex to be effective.
- C. It prevents implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine wall.
- D. It requires a prescription from a healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emergency contraception is most effective when taken within 72 hours of unprotected sex. Choice B is incorrect as it is not as effective after 5 days. Choice C is incorrect because emergency contraception works primarily by preventing ovulation, not by preventing implantation. Choice D is incorrect because most emergency contraception methods are available over the counter.
Before giving a client oral combination contraceptives, which side effects should the nurse tell the patient to be aware of? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Irregular bleeding
- B. Thick vaginal discharge
- C. Nausea
- D. Breast tenderness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The common side effects of oral combination contraceptives include irregular bleeding, nausea, and breast tenderness. Choice B is incorrect because thick vaginal discharge is not a typical side effect of oral contraceptives.
A woman asks about the side effects of the contraceptive implant. Which of the following should the nurse include in the discussion?
- A. The implant will cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
- B. The implant may cause irregular bleeding patterns, including light spotting.
- C. The implant can cause weight gain.
- D. The implant may cause hair loss.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Irregular bleeding, including spotting, is a common side effect of the contraceptive implant. Choice A is incorrect because the implant typically leads to lighter periods or no periods at all. Choice C is incorrect as weight gain is not a guaranteed side effect, though some women report it. Choice D is incorrect because hair loss is not commonly associated with the implant.
Why would FAM not be appropriate for the nurse to recommend to a perimenopausal person?
- A. At that age, people do not have intercourse on a regular basis.
- B. They are married and do not need contraception.
- C. They have irregular menstrual periods.
- D. Pregnancy is not a concern when a person is perimenopausal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fertility Awareness Methods (FAM) rely on tracking menstrual cycles and using that information to predict fertile and infertile days. In perimenopausal individuals, menstrual periods can become irregular due to hormonal fluctuations associated with menopause. As a result, it can be challenging to accurately determine fertile and infertile days, making FAM less effective for contraception in this population. Therefore, recommending FAM to a perimenopausal person with irregular menstrual periods would not be appropriate.
A patient is taking oral contraceptives and asks whether they will still be effective if she has diarrhea. What should the nurse respond?
- A. Oral contraceptives will still work if taken with food.
- B. Oral contraceptives may be less effective during diarrhea due to absorption issues.
- C. Oral contraceptives need to be stopped for 7 days when experiencing diarrhea.
- D. Oral contraceptives will be more effective during diarrhea due to faster metabolism.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diarrhea can reduce the absorption of oral contraceptives, potentially making them less effective. Choice A is incorrect because food does not always affect oral contraceptive absorption. Choice C is incorrect because there is no need to stop the contraceptives, but additional methods may be recommended during diarrhea. Choice D is incorrect because diarrhea does not increase the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.