Nokea
A patient came to the ER complaining of pain in her elbow after a fall. The x-ray shows fractured ulna at the olecranon process. There is also a suspected fracture of the radius. Which diagnostic test would be most helpful in determining a complete diagnosis?
- A. CT scan
- B. MRI
- C. Bone scan
- D. Electromyelogram
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A CT scan provides detailed imaging of bones, making it ideal for confirming suspected fractures like the radius fracture. MRI is better for soft tissue, bone scans for bone activity, and electromyelograms assess nerve function.
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What are the articular surfaces in a total knee replacement?
- A. A metal tibial component that articulates with the plastic surface of the femoral component
- B. A metal femoral component that articulates with the plastic fibula component
- C. The patella is replaced with plastic or similar substance or has plastic affixed to the back to provide a smooth articular surface
- D. The patella, tibia, and femur are replaced with plastic or polyethylene components
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: In total knee replacement, the tibial component (metal) articulates with the femoral component (plastic), and the patella may have a plastic surface for smooth movement.
Which of the following would you include when you teach a patient about using a cane?
- A. Hold the cane on your affected side.
- B. Move the unaffected leg and the cane together, and then move the affected leg.
- C. Lean to the side the cane is on for best support.
- D. Hold the cane on the unaffected side, move it with the unaffected leg, then move the affected leg.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cane is held on the unaffected side, moved with the unaffected leg, then followed by the affected leg for proper support and balance.
Fill in the acronym for the care of a sprain.
- A. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- B. Reduce, Immobilize, Cool, Elevate
- C. Rest, Inspect, Compress, Exercise
- D. Relax, Ice, Compress, Extend
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acronym for sprain care is RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, which reduces swelling and promotes healing. Other options include incorrect components.
You are working in a long-term care setting. One of the residents is able to ambulate but sits in a wheelchair each day. What action will you take?
- A. Check the orders for ambulation and be sure that they are followed to promote mobility.
- B. Change the activity order to wheelchair only because the resident prefers to sit rather than ambulate.
- C. Instruct the CNA to do passive range-of-motion exercises because the resident is not ambulating anymore.
- D. Call the doctor and report that the resident is no longer ambulating.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Promoting mobility by following ambulation orders prevents complications like muscle atrophy. Changing orders or assuming non-ambulation is premature without assessment.
When using a walker, where should the patient stand? What is the reason for this?
- A. Inside the walker frame to ensure stability.
- B. Behind the walker to push it forward.
- C. Beside the walker to maintain balance.
- D. In front of the walker to guide it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient stands inside the walker frame to ensure stability and support, reducing the risk of falling by keeping the body centered within the walker's base.