Nokea
A patient complains of dysuria, yellow-green vaginal discharge, and vulvar itching. The nurse suspects which sexually transmitted disease?
- A. Syphilis
- B. Gonorrhea
- C. Genital warts
- D. Chlamydia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gonorrhea. Dysuria, yellow-green discharge, and vulvar itching are classic symptoms of gonorrhea. The causative agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, infects the genital tract. Syphilis (A) presents with painless sores, not discharge. Genital warts (C) are caused by human papillomavirus and present as warts, not discharge. Chlamydia (D) can cause similar symptoms, but the characteristic discharge in this case points more towards gonorrhea.
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________ vertebrae are the strongest and largest of the vertebral column.
- A. Lumbar
- B. Sacrum
- C. Thoracic
- D. Cervical
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest and strongest of the vertebral column due to their weight-bearing function in supporting the upper body. They have a larger body and thicker structures compared to other vertebrae, providing stability and support. The sacrum, thoracic, and cervical vertebrae are not as large or strong as the lumbar vertebrae, as they have different functions and shapes tailored to their specific roles in the spine.
What is the cause of menopause?
- A. Reduced levels of gonadotropic hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary gland
- B. Reduced responsiveness of the follicles to the stimulatory effects of gonadotropic hormones
- C. Reduced rate of secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum
- D. Reduced numbers of follicles available in the ovary for stimulation by gonadotropic hormones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because menopause occurs when the ovaries run out of follicles, which are needed for ovulation and hormone production. This leads to reduced estrogen levels and cessation of menstrual cycles. Choices A and B focus on hormone levels and follicle responsiveness, not the actual follicle count. Choice C is incorrect as progesterone is mainly produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation, not the primary cause of menopause.
Mrs. Harden is being prepared for discharge and anticipates outpatient radiation therapy for cancer of the cervix. Which information should be included in her discharge teaching plan?
- A. Maintaining intake and output records
- B. Applying ointment to irradiated areas
- C. Reporting redness, desquamation, and telangiectasis to her radiologist
- D. Maintaining a vigorous exercise program
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reporting skin changes to the radiologist ensures timely management of radiation side effects.
The end of the vas deferens is a dilated sac called the _____.
- A. ductus deferens
- B. seminal vesicle
- C. ampulla
- D. ejaculatory duct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ampulla. The ampulla is a dilated portion at the end of the vas deferens where it joins with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct. This structure serves as a storage and mixing area for sperm and seminal fluid before ejaculation. The other choices, A: ductus deferens, is another name for the vas deferens itself; B: seminal vesicle is a gland that produces seminal fluid but is not the dilated sac at the end of the vas deferens; D: ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle, it is not the dilated sac itself.
Prophase I of the spermatocyte phase lasts approximately:
- A. 2 hours
- B. 24 hours
- C. 2 days
- D. 16 days
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (16 days) because prophase I of spermatocyte phase involves complex processes like chromosome pairing and recombination, which take time. It is a crucial stage in sperm formation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they underestimate the duration required for these intricate cellular events to occur. A shorter timeframe would not allow for proper genetic exchange and segregation, essential for genetic diversity in offspring. Thus, a longer duration like 16 days is necessary for the completion of prophase I in spermatocyte phase.