Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank

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A patient expresses confusion about their medication regimen. What is the nurse's best approach to address this issue?

  • A. Provide the patient with written instructions only.
  • B. Explain the medication regimen using complex medical terminology.
  • C. Use a teach-back method to assess understanding and clarify any misconceptions.
  • D. Dismiss the patient's concerns and reassure them that the medication is safe.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address the patient's confusion about their medication regimen is to use a teach-back method to assess understanding and clarify any misconceptions. This method involves the nurse asking the patient to explain in their own words how they will take their medications, what each medication is for, and any potential side effects they should watch for. By using the teach-back method, the nurse can confirm the patient's comprehension and correct any misunderstandings in a supportive and non-judgmental manner. This approach promotes patient education, empowerment, and adherence to the medication regimen. Providing written instructions alone (Choice A) may not be sufficient if the patient has difficulty reading or understanding written information. Explaining the medication regimen using complex medical terminology (Choice B) can further confuse the patient, making it harder for them to grasp the information. Dismissing the patient's concerns and reassuring them that the medication is safe (Choice D) does not address the root of the issue and

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A patient became seriously ill after a nurse gave him the wrong medication. After his recovery , he filed a lawsuit. Who is MOST likely to be held liable?

  • A. No one because it was an accident
  • B. hospital
  • C. nurse
  • D. nurse and the hospital
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In cases where a patient becomes seriously ill or is harmed due to receiving the wrong medication, both the nurse and the hospital are likely to be held liable. The nurse is responsible for administering the correct medication to the patient, and any error in this process can lead to harm. The hospital may also be held liable for the actions of its employees, including nurses, under the legal principle of vicarious liability. Additionally, the hospital has a duty to ensure that proper protocols are in place to prevent medication errors, and failure to do so can lead to liability. Therefore, in this scenario, both the nurse and the hospital are likely to share liability for the patient's harm.

A community clinic does primary care for patients. Most often the one who manages this is which of the following?

  • A. Physician
  • B. Nurse
  • C. Barangay health worker
  • D. Midwife
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a community clinic providing primary care for patients, the most common healthcare professional who manages patient care is a physician. Physicians, also known as doctors, are trained and licensed to diagnose and treat a wide range of medical conditions. They are responsible for conducting exams, prescribing medications, ordering tests, and developing treatment plans for patients. While other healthcare professionals such as nurses, midwives, and barangay health workers also play important roles in providing care, physicians typically lead the team, make critical decisions, and provide overall management of patient care in a primary care setting like a community clinic.

The client asks the nurse about using decongestant nasal sprays. Which of the following statements by the nurse is CORRECT regarding its use?

  • A. "Nasal sprays should be use sparingly because they can exacerbate a cough"
  • B. "It would take several days of using nasal sprays before any effect on congestion is noted"
  • C. "Nasal sprays should not be used formore than three days because it can worsen congestion"
  • D. "They should be used along with corticosteroid nasal sprays for maximum benefit"
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement regarding the use of decongestant nasal sprays is that "Nasal sprays should not be used for more than three days because it can worsen congestion." Prolonged use of decongestant nasal sprays can lead to rebound congestion, where the congestion worsens with extended use. Therefore, it is important to limit the use of these sprays to avoid this side effect. It is recommended to use decongestant nasal sprays for no longer than three consecutive days.

A nurse is preparing to perform a tracheostomy tube change for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient safety during the procedure?

  • A. Using sterile technique during the tube change
  • B. Administering sedation to the patient before the procedure
  • C. Skipping the suctioning step to minimize patient discomfort
  • D. Changing the tracheostomy ties after completing the tube change
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse should prioritize using sterile technique during the tracheostomy tube change to ensure patient safety. Tracheostomy procedures involve a direct entry into the airway, making it crucial to prevent infection and reduce the risk of complications. Sterile technique, including proper hand hygiene, wearing sterile gloves, and using sterile equipment, helps minimize the introduction of pathogens into the patient's airway, reducing the risk of infection. By maintaining a sterile field, the nurse can protect the patient from potential harm and promote a successful outcome of the tracheostomy tube change.

When the findings of the study can be applied to all patients with MI under stress patients in the whole Philippines, it satisfies which of the following criteria in research?

  • A. Reliability
  • B. Generalizability
  • C. Validity
  • D. Transferability
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Generalizability refers to the extent to which research findings and conclusions can be applied beyond the specific conditions of the study to a larger population or different settings. In this case, if the findings of a study on patients with myocardial infarction (MI) under stress can be applied to all such patients in the whole Philippines, it indicates that the study results are generalizable beyond the specific sample studied. Therefore, the criteria satisfied in this context is generalizability.

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