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A patient had a lumbar puncture performed at the outpatient clinic and the nurse has phoned the patient and family that evening. What does this phone call enable the nurse to determine?
- A. What are the patients and familys expectations of the test
- B. Whether the patients family had any questions about why the test was necessary
- C. Whether the patient has had any complications of the test
- D. Whether the patient understood accurately why the test was done
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-lumbar puncture follow-up checks for complications like headaches or infection. Expectations and understanding should be addressed before the procedure.
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A patient is admitted to the medical unit with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. When assessing this patient, the nurse has the patient stick out her tongue and move it back and forth. What is the nurse assessing?
- A. Function of the hypoglossal nerve
- B. Function of the vagus nerve
- C. Function of the spinal nerve
- D. Function of the trochlear nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tongue movement is controlled by the hypoglossal nerve (XII). The vagus nerve affects throat and voice, spinal nerves control body muscles, and the trochlear nerve moves the eye.
What term is used to describe the fibrous connective tissue that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brains surface?
- A. Dura mater
- B. Arachnoid
- C. Fascia
- D. Pia mater
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer, closely adhering to the brain's surface and following its contours. Dura mater is the outermost layer, arachnoid is the middle layer, and fascia is not a meningeal structure.
The neurologist is testing the function of a patients cerebellum and basal ganglia. What action will most accurately test these structures?
- A. Have the patient identify the location of a cotton swab on his or her skin with the eyes closed.
- B. Elicit the patients response to a hypothetical problem.
- C. Ask the patient to close his or her eyes and discern between hot and cold stimuli.
- D. Guide the patient through the performance of rapid, alternating movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid, alternating movements test cerebellar and basal ganglia coordination. Sensory tests assess peripheral nerves, and hypothetical problems evaluate cognition.
A gerontologic nurse educator is providing practice guidelines to unlicensed care providers. Because reaction to painful stimuli is sometimes blunted in older adults, what must be used with caution?
- A. Hot or cold packs
- B. Analgesics
- C. Anti-inflammatory medications
- D. Whirlpool baths
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blunted pain response in older adults increases burn or frostbite risk from hot or cold packs. Medications and whirlpool baths are not directly related to this sensory change.
A patient is currently being stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. What effect will this nervous stimulation have on the patients bladder?
- A. The parasympathetic nervous system causes urinary retention.
- B. The parasympathetic nervous system causes bladder spasms.
- C. The parasympathetic nervous system causes urge incontinence.
- D. The parasympathetic nervous system makes the bladder contract.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation contracts the bladder, promoting urination. Retention, spasms, or incontinence are not direct parasympathetic effects.