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A patient has been diagnosed with small-cell lung cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing the relative risks and benefits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as his treatment. This patient is demonstrating which ethical principle in making his decision?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Autonomy
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Autonomy entails the ability to make a choice free from external constraints. Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Confidentiality relates to the concept of privacy. Justice states that cases should be treated equitably.
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You have just taken report for your shift and you are doing your initial assessment of your patients. One of your patients asks you if an error has been made in her medication. You know that an incident report was filed yesterday after a nurse inadvertently missed a scheduled dose of the patients antibiotic. Which of the following principles would apply if you give an accurate response?
- A. Veracity
- B. Confidentiality
- C. Respect
- D. Justice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The obligation to tell the truth and not deceive others is termed veracity. The other answers are incorrect because they are not obligations to tell the truth.
A nurse is unsure how best to respond to a patients vague complaint of feeling off. The nurse is attempting to apply the principles of critical thinking, including metacognition. How can the nurse best foster metacognition?
- A. By eliciting input from a variety of trusted colleagues
- B. By examining the way that she thinks and applies reason
- C. By evaluating her responses to similar situations in the past
- D. By thinking about the way that an ideal nurse would respond in this situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical thinking includes metacognition, the examination of ones own reasoning or thought processes, to help refine thinking skills. Metacognition is not characterized by eliciting input from others or evaluating previous responses.
In the process of planning a patients care, the nurse has identified a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Health Maintenance related to alcohol use. What must precede the determination of this nursing diagnosis?
- A. Establishment of a plan to address the underlying problem
- B. Assigning a positive value to each consequence of the diagnosis
- C. Collecting and analyzing data that corroborates the diagnosis
- D. Evaluating the patients chances of recovery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the diagnostic phase of the nursing process, the patients nursing problems are defined through analysis of patient data. Establishing a plan comes after collecting and analyzing data; evaluating a plan is the last step of the nursing process and assigning a positive value to each consequence is not done.
You are the nurse who is caring for a patient with a newly diagnosed allergy to peanuts. Which of the following is an immediate goal that is most relevant to a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge related to appropriate use of an EpiPen?
- A. The patient will demonstrate correct injection technique with todays teaching session.
- B. The patient will closely observe the nurse demonstrating the injection.
- C. The nurse will teach the patients family member to administer the injection.
- D. The patient will return to the clinic within 2 weeks to demonstrate the injection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immediate goals are those that can be reached in a short period of time. An appropriate immediate goal for this patient is that the patient will demonstrate correct administration of the medication today. The goal should specify that the patient administer the EpiPen. A 2-week time frame is inconsistent with an immediate goal.
A medical nurse is caring for a patient who is palliative following metastasis. The nurse is aware of the need to uphold the ethical principle of beneficence. How can the nurse best exemplify this principle in the care of this patient?
- A. The nurse tactfully regulates the number and timing of visitors as per the patients wishes.
- B. The nurse stays with the patient during his or her death.
- C. The nurse ensures that all members of the care team are aware of the patients DNR order.
- D. The nurse liaises with members of the care team to ensure continuity of care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Enacting the patients wishes around visitors is an example of this. Each of the other nursing actions is consistent with ethical practice, but none directly exemplifies the principle of beneficence.