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Your older adult patient has a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been achieving only modest relief of her symptoms with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When creating this patients plan of care, which nursing diagnosis would most likely be appropriate?
- A. Self-care deficit related to fatigue and joint stiffness
- B. Ineffective airway clearance related to chronic pain
- C. Risk for hopelessness related to body image disturbance
- D. Anxiety related to chronic joint pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses are actual or potential problems that can be managed by independent nursing actions. Self-care deficit would be the most likely consequence of rheumatoid arthritis. Anxiety and hopelessness are plausible consequences of a chronic illness such as RA, but challenges with self-care are more likely. Ineffective airway clearance is unlikely.
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An emergency department nurse is caring for a 7-year-old child suspected of having meningitis. The patient is to have a lumbar puncture performed, and the nurse is doing preprocedure teaching with the child and the mother. The nurses action is an example of which therapeutic communication technique?
- A. Informing
- B. Suggesting
- C. Expectation-setting
- D. Enlightening
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informing involves providing information to the patient regarding his or her care. Suggesting is the presentation of an alternative idea for the patients consideration relative to problem solving. This action is not characterized as expectation-setting or enlightening.
A nurse is admitting a new patient to the medical unit. During the initial nursing assessment, the nurse has asked many supplementary open-ended questions while gathering information about the new patient. What is the nurse achieving through this approach?
- A. Interpreting what the patient has said
- B. Evaluating what the patient has said
- C. Assessing what the patient has said
- D. Validating what the patient has said
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Critical thinkers validate the information presented to make sure that it is accurate (not just supposition or opinion), that it makes sense, and that it is based on fact and evidence. The nurse is not interpreting, evaluating, or assessing the information the patient has given.
An elderly patient is admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. During admission the patient states, I have a living will. What implication of this should the nurse recognize?
- A. This document is always honored, regardless of circumstances.
- B. This document specifies the patients wishes before hospitalization.
- C. This document that is binding for the duration of the patients life.
- D. This document has been drawn up by the patients family to determine DNR status.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A living will is one type of advance directive. In most situations, living wills are limited to situations in which the patients medical condition is deemed terminal. The other answers are incorrect because living wills are not always honored, they are not binding for the duration of the patients life, and they are not drawn up by the patients family.
The nursing instructor is explaining critical thinking to a class of first-semester nursing students. When promoting critical thinking skills in these students, the instructor should encourage them to do which of the following actions?
- A. Disregard input from people who do not have to make the particular decision.
- B. Set aside all prejudices and personal experiences when making decisions.
- C. Weigh each of the potential negative outcomes in a situation.
- D. Examine and analyze all available information.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Critical thinking involves reasoning and purposeful, systematic, reflective, rational, outcome-directed thinking based on a body of knowledge, as well as examination and analysis of all available information and ideas. A full disregard of ones own experiences is not possible. Critical thinking does not denote a focus on potential negative outcomes. Input from others is a valuable resource that should not be ignored.
A nurse is unsure how best to respond to a patients vague complaint of feeling off. The nurse is attempting to apply the principles of critical thinking, including metacognition. How can the nurse best foster metacognition?
- A. By eliciting input from a variety of trusted colleagues
- B. By examining the way that she thinks and applies reason
- C. By evaluating her responses to similar situations in the past
- D. By thinking about the way that an ideal nurse would respond in this situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical thinking includes metacognition, the examination of ones own reasoning or thought processes, to help refine thinking skills. Metacognition is not characterized by eliciting input from others or evaluating previous responses.