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A patient has been taking disulfiram as part of his rehabilitation therapy. However, this evening, he attended a party and drank half a beer. As a result, he became ill and his friends took him to the emergency department. The nurse will look for which adverse effects associated with acetaldehyde syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Euphoria
- B. Severe vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Pulsating headache
- E. Difficulty breathing
- F. Sweating
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Acetaldehyde syndrome, triggered by alcohol consumption while on disulfiram, causes severe vomiting, pulsating headache, difficulty breathing, and sweating due to acetaldehyde buildup. Euphoria and diarrhea are not associated with this syndrome.
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A nurse is providing teaching for a patient who will be taking varenicline as part of a smoking-cessation program. Which teaching points are appropriate for a patient taking this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. This drug is available as a chewing gum that can be taken to reduce cravings.
- B. Use caution when driving because drowsiness may be a problem.
- C. There have been very few adverse effects reported for this drug.
- D. Notify the prescriber immediately if feelings of sadness or thoughts of suicide occur.
- E. Avoid caffeine while on this drug.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Varenicline, an oral tablet, can cause drowsiness, requiring caution during activities like driving, and is associated with psychiatric risks like depression or suicidality, necessitating immediate reporting. It is not a gum, has common side effects like nausea and insomnia, and has no specific caffeine restrictions.
A 38-year-old male patient stopped smoking 6 months ago. He tells the nurse that he still feels strong cigarette cravings and wonders if he is ever going to feel 'normal' again. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. It's possible that these cravings will never stop.
- B. These cravings may persist for several months.
- C. The cravings tell us that you are still using nicotine.
- D. The cravings show that you are about to experience nicotine withdrawal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cigarette cravings can persist for months or even years after quitting due to nicotine's addictive nature, but they typically lessen over time. The other options are incorrect: cravings do not indicate ongoing nicotine use or impending withdrawal, and while cravings may persist, they are not necessarily permanent.
The nurse is conducting a smoking-cessation program. Which statement regarding drugs used in cigarette-smoking-cessation programs is true?
- A. Rapid chewing of the nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine.
- B. Quick relief from withdrawal symptoms is most easily achieved by using a transdermal patch.
- C. Compliance with treatment is higher with use of the gum rather than the transdermal patch.
- D. The nicotine gum can be used only up to six times per day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid chewing of nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine, providing quick relief from withdrawal symptoms. Transdermal patches provide steady release, not rapid relief, and compliance is higher with patches due to ease of use. Gum use is not limited to six times per day.
The nurse is presenting a substance-abuse lecture for teenagers and is asked about 'ecstasy.' The nurse recognizes that this is the slang term for which substance?
- A. Cocaine
- B. Flunitrazepam
- C. Methamphetamine
- D. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ecstasy is a common slang term for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic amphetamine derivative with stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. The other substances listed have different slang names and effects.
A patient in a rehabilitation center is beginning to experience opioid withdrawal symptoms. The nurse expects to administer which drug as part of the treatment?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Methadone
- C. Disulfiram
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methadone is commonly used to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms by reducing cravings and withdrawal effects due to its long-acting opioid properties. Diazepam and disulfiram are used for alcohol dependence, and bupropion is used for smoking cessation.