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When admitting a patient with a suspected diagnosis of chronic alcohol use, the nurse will keep in mind that chronic use of alcohol might result in which condition?
- A. Renal failure
- B. Cerebrovascular accident
- C. Korsakoff's psychosis
- D. Alzheimer's disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic alcohol use is associated with Korsakoff's psychosis, a neurologic disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, often linked to alcoholism. Renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents, and Alzheimer's disease are not directly caused by chronic alcohol use.
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The nurse is monitoring a patient who is experiencing severe ethanol withdrawal. Which are signs and symptoms of severe ethanol withdrawal? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Agitation
- B. Drowsiness
- C. Tremors
- D. Systolic blood pressure higher than 160 mm Hg
- E. Temperature over 100?°F
- F. Pulse over 100 beats/min
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Severe ethanol withdrawal (delirium tremens) is characterized by agitation, tremors, systolic blood pressure over 160 mm Hg, and pulse over 100 beats/min. Drowsiness is not typical, and while fever may occur, a specific threshold like 100?°F is not universally diagnostic.
A patient is being treated for ethanol alcohol abuse in a rehabilitation center. The nurse will include which information when teaching him about disulfiram therapy?
- A. He should not smoke cigarettes while on this drug.
- B. He needs to know about the common over-the-counter substances that contain alcohol.
- C. This drug will cause the same effects as the alcohol did, without the euphoric effects.
- D. Mouthwashes and cough medicines that contain alcohol are safe because they are used in small amounts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disulfiram causes severe adverse reactions when combined with alcohol, including from over-the-counter products like mouthwashes or cough medicines, as even small amounts (e.g., 7 mL) can trigger symptoms. Smoking is not contraindicated, and disulfiram does not mimic alcohol's effects.
A 38-year-old male patient stopped smoking 6 months ago. He tells the nurse that he still feels strong cigarette cravings and wonders if he is ever going to feel 'normal' again. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. It's possible that these cravings will never stop.
- B. These cravings may persist for several months.
- C. The cravings tell us that you are still using nicotine.
- D. The cravings show that you are about to experience nicotine withdrawal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cigarette cravings can persist for months or even years after quitting due to nicotine's addictive nature, but they typically lessen over time. The other options are incorrect: cravings do not indicate ongoing nicotine use or impending withdrawal, and while cravings may persist, they are not necessarily permanent.
A patient in a rehabilitation center is beginning to experience opioid withdrawal symptoms. The nurse expects to administer which drug as part of the treatment?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Methadone
- C. Disulfiram
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methadone is commonly used to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms by reducing cravings and withdrawal effects due to its long-acting opioid properties. Diazepam and disulfiram are used for alcohol dependence, and bupropion is used for smoking cessation.
A 29-year-old patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with the following symptoms: restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, confusion and periods of panic, and tachycardia. The nurse suspects that he may be experiencing the effects of taking which substance?
- A. Opioids
- B. Alcohol
- C. Stimulants
- D. Depressants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described, such as restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, confusion, panic, and tachycardia, are characteristic of stimulant intoxication (e.g., amphetamines or cocaine). Opioids, alcohol, and depressants typically cause sedation or other distinct effects.