Nokea
The nurse is presenting a substance-abuse lecture for teenagers and is asked about 'ecstasy.' The nurse recognizes that this is the slang term for which substance?
- A. Cocaine
- B. Flunitrazepam
- C. Methamphetamine
- D. Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ecstasy is a common slang term for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic amphetamine derivative with stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. The other substances listed have different slang names and effects.
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A 38-year-old male patient stopped smoking 6 months ago. He tells the nurse that he still feels strong cigarette cravings and wonders if he is ever going to feel 'normal' again. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
- A. It's possible that these cravings will never stop.
- B. These cravings may persist for several months.
- C. The cravings tell us that you are still using nicotine.
- D. The cravings show that you are about to experience nicotine withdrawal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cigarette cravings can persist for months or even years after quitting due to nicotine's addictive nature, but they typically lessen over time. The other options are incorrect: cravings do not indicate ongoing nicotine use or impending withdrawal, and while cravings may persist, they are not necessarily permanent.
A 29-year-old patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with the following symptoms: restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, confusion and periods of panic, and tachycardia. The nurse suspects that he may be experiencing the effects of taking which substance?
- A. Opioids
- B. Alcohol
- C. Stimulants
- D. Depressants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described, such as restlessness, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, confusion, panic, and tachycardia, are characteristic of stimulant intoxication (e.g., amphetamines or cocaine). Opioids, alcohol, and depressants typically cause sedation or other distinct effects.
A patient is being treated for ethanol alcohol abuse in a rehabilitation center. The nurse will include which information when teaching him about disulfiram therapy?
- A. He should not smoke cigarettes while on this drug.
- B. He needs to know about the common over-the-counter substances that contain alcohol.
- C. This drug will cause the same effects as the alcohol did, without the euphoric effects.
- D. Mouthwashes and cough medicines that contain alcohol are safe because they are used in small amounts.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Disulfiram causes severe adverse reactions when combined with alcohol, including from over-the-counter products like mouthwashes or cough medicines, as even small amounts (e.g., 7 mL) can trigger symptoms. Smoking is not contraindicated, and disulfiram does not mimic alcohol's effects.
A patient has been taking disulfiram as part of his rehabilitation therapy. However, this evening, he attended a party and drank half a beer. As a result, he became ill and his friends took him to the emergency department. The nurse will look for which adverse effects associated with acetaldehyde syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Euphoria
- B. Severe vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Pulsating headache
- E. Difficulty breathing
- F. Sweating
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Acetaldehyde syndrome, triggered by alcohol consumption while on disulfiram, causes severe vomiting, pulsating headache, difficulty breathing, and sweating due to acetaldehyde buildup. Euphoria and diarrhea are not associated with this syndrome.
The nurse is conducting a smoking-cessation program. Which statement regarding drugs used in cigarette-smoking-cessation programs is true?
- A. Rapid chewing of the nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine.
- B. Quick relief from withdrawal symptoms is most easily achieved by using a transdermal patch.
- C. Compliance with treatment is higher with use of the gum rather than the transdermal patch.
- D. The nicotine gum can be used only up to six times per day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid chewing of nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine, providing quick relief from withdrawal symptoms. Transdermal patches provide steady release, not rapid relief, and compliance is higher with patches due to ease of use. Gum use is not limited to six times per day.