Nokea
A patient in a rehabilitation center is beginning to experience opioid withdrawal symptoms. The nurse expects to administer which drug as part of the treatment?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Methadone
- C. Disulfiram
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methadone is commonly used to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms by reducing cravings and withdrawal effects due to its long-acting opioid properties. Diazepam and disulfiram are used for alcohol dependence, and bupropion is used for smoking cessation.
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The nurse is monitoring a patient who is experiencing severe ethanol withdrawal. Which are signs and symptoms of severe ethanol withdrawal? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Agitation
- B. Drowsiness
- C. Tremors
- D. Systolic blood pressure higher than 160 mm Hg
- E. Temperature over 100?°F
- F. Pulse over 100 beats/min
Correct Answer: A,C,D,F
Rationale: Severe ethanol withdrawal (delirium tremens) is characterized by agitation, tremors, systolic blood pressure over 160 mm Hg, and pulse over 100 beats/min. Drowsiness is not typical, and while fever may occur, a specific threshold like 100?°F is not universally diagnostic.
A nurse is providing teaching for a patient who will be taking varenicline as part of a smoking-cessation program. Which teaching points are appropriate for a patient taking this medication? (Select all that apply.)
- A. This drug is available as a chewing gum that can be taken to reduce cravings.
- B. Use caution when driving because drowsiness may be a problem.
- C. There have been very few adverse effects reported for this drug.
- D. Notify the prescriber immediately if feelings of sadness or thoughts of suicide occur.
- E. Avoid caffeine while on this drug.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Varenicline, an oral tablet, can cause drowsiness, requiring caution during activities like driving, and is associated with psychiatric risks like depression or suicidality, necessitating immediate reporting. It is not a gum, has common side effects like nausea and insomnia, and has no specific caffeine restrictions.
A patient has been taking naltrexone as part of the treatment for addiction to heroin. The nurse expects that the naltrexone will have which therapeutic effect for this patient?
- A. Naltrexone prevents the cravings for opioid drugs.
- B. Naltrexone works as a safer substitute for the heroin until the patient completes withdrawal.
- C. The patient will experience flushing, sweating, and severe nausea if he takes heroin while on naltrexone.
- D. If opioid drugs are used while taking naltrexone, euphoria is not produced; thus, the opioid's desired effects are lost.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, preventing the euphoria associated with heroin use, thus reducing the reinforcing effects of the drug. It does not directly prevent cravings, act as a substitute, or cause severe nausea like disulfiram does with alcohol.
The nurse is conducting a smoking-cessation program. Which statement regarding drugs used in cigarette-smoking-cessation programs is true?
- A. Rapid chewing of the nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine.
- B. Quick relief from withdrawal symptoms is most easily achieved by using a transdermal patch.
- C. Compliance with treatment is higher with use of the gum rather than the transdermal patch.
- D. The nicotine gum can be used only up to six times per day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid chewing of nicotine gum releases an immediate dose of nicotine, providing quick relief from withdrawal symptoms. Transdermal patches provide steady release, not rapid relief, and compliance is higher with patches due to ease of use. Gum use is not limited to six times per day.
A patient has been taking disulfiram as part of his rehabilitation therapy. However, this evening, he attended a party and drank half a beer. As a result, he became ill and his friends took him to the emergency department. The nurse will look for which adverse effects associated with acetaldehyde syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Euphoria
- B. Severe vomiting
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Pulsating headache
- E. Difficulty breathing
- F. Sweating
Correct Answer: B,D,E,F
Rationale: Acetaldehyde syndrome, triggered by alcohol consumption while on disulfiram, causes severe vomiting, pulsating headache, difficulty breathing, and sweating due to acetaldehyde buildup. Euphoria and diarrhea are not associated with this syndrome.