Nokea
A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following actions can the patient perform to help prevent an attack during exercise. Select all that apply:
- A. Avoid warming up before exercise.
- B. Administer a short-acting beta agonist before exercise.
- C. Administer a short-acting beta agonist after exercise.
- D. Avoid exercising when experiencing a respiratory illness.
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Using a short-acting beta agonist before exercise and avoiding exercise during respiratory illness help prevent exercise-induced asthma attacks. Warming up is beneficial, and post-exercise beta agonists are not preventive.
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A farmer who has had a cough for several months has noticed a lack of energy lately. He is being tested for histoplasmosis. Which factor reported by the client would be most related to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis?
- A. He drinks raw milk.
- B. He cleans chicken houses.
- C. He handles fertilizer frequently.
- D. He stepped on a rusty nail recently.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleaning chicken houses exposes the client to bird droppings, a common source of Histoplasma capsulatum, the fungus causing histoplasmosis.
The nurse and an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for a group of clients on a surgical floor. Which information provided by the UAP requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. There is a small, continuous amount of bright-red drainage coming out from under the dressing of the client who had a radical neck dissection.
- B. The client who has had a right upper lobectomy is complaining that the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump is not providing any relief.
- C. The client diagnosed with cancer of the lung is complaining of being tired and short of breath.
- D. The client admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is making a whistling sound with every breath.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bright-red drainage post-neck dissection (A) suggests hemorrhage, requiring immediate action. PCA failure (B), fatigue/SOB (C), and wheezing (D) are expected or less urgent.
The client is diagnosed with cancer of the larynx and is to have radiation therapy to the area. Which prophylactic procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?
- A. Removal of the client's teeth and fitting for dentures.
- B. Take antiemetic medications every four (4) hours.
- C. Wear sunscreen on the area at all times.
- D. Placement of a nasogastric feeding tube.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dental extraction (A) prevents radiation-induced tooth decay. Antiemetics (B), sunscreen (C), and NG tubes (D) are not prophylactic for laryngeal radiation.
The nurse is assessing the client with COPD. Which health promotion information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Number of years the client has smoked.
- B. Risk factors for complications.
- C. Ability to administer inhaled medication.
- D. Willingness to modify lifestyle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct inhaler use (C) ensures effective COPD management, a priority for health promotion. Smoking history (A), risk factors (B), and lifestyle (D) are important but secondary.
The HCP has recommended a total laryngectomy for a male client diagnosed with cancer of the larynx but the client refuses. Which intervention by the nurse illustrates the ethical principle of nonmalfeasance?
- A. The nurse listens to the client explain why he is refusing surgery.
- B. The nurse and significant other insist that the client have the surgery.
- C. The nurse refers the client to a counselor for help with the decision.
- D. The nurse asks a cancer survivor to come and discuss the surgery with the client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Listening to the client’s reasons (A) respects autonomy and avoids harm (nonmalfeasance). Insisting (B), counseling (C), and survivor talks (D) may pressure or influence unduly.