Nokea
You're assisting your patient who has asthma to bed. The patient is experiencing a frequent cough and chest tightness. You auscultate the patient's lung fields and note expiratory wheezes. The patient's peak flow rate is 78% less than their best peak flow reading. Which medication will provide the patient with the fastest relief from these signs and symptoms of an asthma attack?
- A. Theophylline
- B. Tiotropium
- C. Albuterol
- D. Cromolyn
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist that provides rapid bronchodilation, making it the fastest-acting medication for acute asthma symptoms.
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After collecting the sputum specimen from the client, which nursing action is most appropriate?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Provide mouth care
- C. Offer nourishment
- D. Encourage ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing mouth care after sputum collection improves client comfort and removes residual sputum from the mouth.
You are assessing your newly admitted patients who are all presenting with atypical signs and symptoms of a possible lung infection. The physician suspects tuberculosis. So, therefore, the patients are being monitored and tested for the disease. Select all the risk factors below that increases a patient's risk for developing tuberculosis:
- A. Diabetes
- B. Liver failure
- C. Long-term care resident
- D. Inmate
- E. IV drug user
- F. HIV
- G. U.S. resident
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Risk factors for tuberculosis include conditions or environments that weaken the immune system or increase exposure: diabetes , long-term care residency , incarceration , IV drug use , and HIV . Liver failure is not a direct risk factor, and being a U.S. resident is not specific enough.
A patient is being discharged home on Doxycycline for treatment of pneumonia. Which statement by the patient indicates they understood your education material?
- A. I will wear sunscreen when outdoors.'
- B. I will avoid green leafy vegetables while taking this medication.'
- C. I will monitor my blood glucose regularly due to the side effects of hypoglycemia.'
- D. I will take this medication with a full glass of milk.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Doxycycline causes photosensitivity, so wearing sunscreen is correct. Green leafy vegetables are relevant for warfarin, hypoglycemia is not a side effect, and milk can reduce doxycycline absorption.
The client admitted for recurrent aspiration pneumonia is at risk for bronchiectasis. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate the health-care provider to order?
- A. Administer intravenous antibiotics for seven (7) days.
- B. Insert a subclavian line and initiate total parenteral nutrition.
- C. Provide a low-calorie and low-sodium restricted diet.
- D. Encourage the client to turn, cough, and deep breathe frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recurrent aspiration pneumonia predisposes to bronchiectasis due to chronic airway damage. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing (D) prevent secretion stasis and further infections. Antibiotics (A) treat active infection, not prevention. TPN (B) is for malnutrition, not directly related. Dietary restrictions (C) are irrelevant.
Which priority intervention should the nurse implement for the client diagnosed with coal workers' pneumoconiosis?
- A. Monitor the client's intake and output.
- B. Assess for black-streaked sputum.
- C. Monitor the white blood cell count daily.
- D. Assess the client's activity level every shift.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Black-streaked sputum (B) is a hallmark of coal workers' pneumoconiosis due to coal dust deposition, making its assessment a priority to confirm disease impact. Intake/output (A) is non-specific. Daily WBC counts (C) are unnecessary unless infection is suspected. Activity level (D) is secondary to symptom assessment.