Nokea
Which statement is correct regarding mycobacterium tuberculosis?
- A. This bacterium is an anaerobic type of bacteria.
- B. It is an alkali bacterium that stains bright red during an acid-fast smear test.
- C. It is known as being an aerobic type of bacteria.
- D. It's an acid-fact bacterium that stains bright green during an acid-fast smear test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is AEROBIC (it thrives in conditions that are high in oxygen), and it is an ACID-FAST bacterium, which means when it is stained during an acid-fast smear it will turn BRIGHT RED.
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While withdrawing the suction catheter from a client's tracheostomy tube, which nursing technique is correct?
- A. Remove the catheter slowly.
- B. Push and pull the catheter.
- C. Plunge the catheter up and down.
- D. Twist and rotate the catheter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Removing the catheter slowly while applying intermittent suction ensures effective secretion removal without causing trauma.
You are assessing your newly admitted patients who are all presenting with atypical signs and symptoms of a possible lung infection. The physician suspects tuberculosis. So, therefore, the patients are being monitored and tested for the disease. Select all the risk factors below that increases a patient's risk for developing tuberculosis:
- A. Diabetes
- B. Liver failure
- C. Long-term care resident
- D. Inmate
- E. IV drug user
- F. HIV
- G. U.S. resident
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Risk factors for tuberculosis include conditions or environments that weaken the immune system or increase exposure: diabetes , long-term care residency , incarceration , IV drug use , and HIV . Liver failure is not a direct risk factor, and being a U.S. resident is not specific enough.
The nurse is caring for a woman who is admitted with pneumonia. On admission, the client is anxious and short of breath but able to respond to questions. One hour later, the client becomes more dyspneic and less responsive, answering only yes and no questions. What is the best action for the nurse to take at this time?
- A. Stimulate the client until the client responds.
- B. Increase the oxygen from the ordered 6 L to 10 L.
- C. Assess the client again in 15 minutes.
- D. Notify the charge nurse of the change in the client's mental status.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A change in mental status with worsening dyspnea indicates potential deterioration, requiring immediate notification of the charge nurse.
A client who had a laryngectomy is nearly ready for discharge. Which instruction is most appropriate for the nurse to give?
- A. Always be sure you have a buddy with you when you go swimming or boating.'
- B. You may take a tub bath, but you should not take a shower.'
- C. Be sure to have only liquids for another three weeks.'
- D. Never cover your stoma with anything.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A buddy is essential during swimming or boating to ensure safety, as water entering the stoma can cause aspiration.
Because of the client's pleural effusion and advanced lung disease, what would the nurse expect to hear when assessing the breath sounds?
- A. Wheezing in the upper lobes
- B. A friction rub posterior to the affected area
- C. Crackles over the affected area
- D. Decreased sounds over the involved area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pleural effusion causes decreased breath sounds over the affected area due to fluid accumulation compressing the lung.