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A patient has just been diagnosed with breast cancer and the nurse is performing a patient interview. In assessing this patients ability to cope with this diagnosis, what would be an appropriate question for the nurse to ask this patient?
- A. What is your level of education?
- B. Are you feeling alright these days?
- C. Is there someone you trust to help you make treatment choices?
- D. Are you concerned about receiving this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Is there someone you trust to help you make treatment choices? This question assesses the patient's support system and ability to make informed decisions, which are crucial in coping with a breast cancer diagnosis. It shows the nurse's consideration for the patient's emotional well-being and involvement in the decision-making process.
Choice A: What is your level of education? This question is not directly related to coping with the diagnosis of breast cancer and may not provide relevant information about the patient's ability to cope.
Choice B: Are you feeling alright these days? While this question shows concern for the patient's well-being, it does not specifically address coping mechanisms or support systems.
Choice D: Are you concerned about receiving this diagnosis? This question focuses on the patient's emotional reaction to the diagnosis but does not directly assess coping strategies or support systems.
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A patient has presented with signs and symptoms that are consistent with contact dermatitis. What aspect of care should the nurse prioritize when working with this patient?
- A. Promoting adequate perfusion in affected regions
- B. Promoting safe use of topical antihistamines
- C. Identifying the offending agent, if possible
- D. Teaching the patient to safely use an EpiPen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identifying the offending agent, if possible. This is prioritized in contact dermatitis to prevent further exposure and recurrence. By identifying the specific irritant or allergen, the nurse can guide the patient in avoiding it, leading to effective management. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while promoting adequate perfusion, safe use of topical antihistamines, and teaching the use of an EpiPen may be relevant in certain situations, they do not directly address the root cause of contact dermatitis, which is exposure to the offending agent.
A nurse is completing a nutritional status of a patient who has been admitted with AIDS-related complications. What components should the nurse include in this assessment? Select all that apply.
- A. Serum albumin level
- B. Weight history
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Body mass index E) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum albumin level. Serum albumin is an important indicator of nutritional status, as low levels may indicate malnutrition or inflammation commonly seen in AIDS patients. Weight history (B) is also relevant as weight changes can reflect nutritional status. White blood cell count (C) is not directly related to nutritional status. Body mass index (D) is a calculation based on weight and height, not a direct measure of nutritional status. Blood urea nitrogen (E) is a measure of kidney function, not a specific indicator of nutritional status. Therefore, the nurse should primarily focus on assessing the patient's serum albumin level for nutritional status evaluation in this case.
The organization of a patients care on the palliative care unit is based on interdisciplinary collaboration. How does interdisciplinary collaboration differ from multidisciplinary practice?
- A. It is based on the participation of clinicians without a team leader.
- B. It is based on clinicians of varied backgrounds integrating their separate plans of care.
- C. It is based on communication and cooperation between disciplines.
- D. It is based on medical expertise and patient preference with the support of nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Interdisciplinary collaboration involves clinicians from different backgrounds integrating their separate plans of care, ensuring a holistic approach to patient care. This fosters a comprehensive understanding of the patient's needs and individualized care. In contrast, multidisciplinary practice involves clinicians working independently without integrating their plans, potentially leading to fragmented care.
Choice A is incorrect as interdisciplinary collaboration does have a team leader to coordinate and facilitate communication among team members.
Choice C is incorrect because while communication and cooperation are essential in interdisciplinary collaboration, the key distinction is the integration of different perspectives and plans of care.
Choice D is incorrect as interdisciplinary collaboration goes beyond just medical expertise and patient preference, involving professionals from various disciplines working together to address all aspects of patient care.
A nurse providing prenatal care to a pregnant woman is addressing measures to reduce her postpartum risk of cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse. What action should the nurse recommend?
- A. Maintenance of good perineal hygiene
- B. Prevention of constipation
- C. Increased fluid intake for 2 weeks postpartum
- D. Performance of pelvic muscle exercises Chapter 58: Breast Cancer: Breast cancer – risks factors, Diagnostic tests and management, Self Breast Exam, Perioperative care: Complications, Rehab, Discharge teaching
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, performance of pelvic muscle exercises. Pelvic muscle exercises, also known as Kegel exercises, help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles which support the bladder, uterus, and bowel. By strengthening these muscles, the risk of developing cystocele, rectocele, and uterine prolapse postpartum is reduced. It is a proactive approach to prevent these conditions.
Choice A, maintenance of good perineal hygiene, is important for preventing infections but does not specifically address the risk of pelvic organ prolapse. Choice B, prevention of constipation, is also important but does not directly target the muscle weakness that contributes to prolapse. Choice C, increased fluid intake for 2 weeks postpartum, is not as effective in preventing prolapse as pelvic muscle exercises.
In summary, pelvic muscle exercises are the most appropriate recommendation as they directly address strengthening the muscles that support the pelvic organs, reducing the risk of prolapse postpartum.
A nurse is reviewing results from a urine specimen.What will the nurse expect to see in a patient with a urinary tract infection?
- A. Casts
- B. Protein
- C. Crystals
- D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacteria. In a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteria are typically present in the urine due to the infection of the urinary system. Bacteria may be detected through urine culture or microscopic examination.
A: Casts are not typically associated with UTIs but can indicate kidney disease.
B: Protein in the urine can indicate kidney damage or other issues, not specific to UTIs.
C: Crystals in the urine can be normal or indicate specific conditions, but they are not specific to UTIs.
In summary, the presence of bacteria in the urine is a key indicator of a UTI, while the other choices are more indicative of different conditions or factors.