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A nurse is teaching a patient about proteins that must be obtained through the diet and cannot be synthesized in the body. Which term used by the patient indicates teaching is successful?
- A. Amino acids
- B. Triglycerides
- C. Dispensable amino acids
- D. Indispensable amino acids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Indispensable amino acids, also known as essential amino acids, must be obtained through the diet as the body cannot synthesize them.
2. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, so mentioning "indispensable amino acids" indicates understanding of essential dietary proteins.
3. Triglycerides are fats, not proteins, and not related to essential amino acids.
4. Dispensable amino acids can be synthesized by the body, so mentioning them would not indicate understanding of essential proteins.
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A nurse practitioner is assessing a 55-year-old male patient who is complaining of perineal discomfort, burning, urgency, and frequency with urination. The patient states that he has pain with ejaculation. The nurse knows that the patient is exhibiting symptoms of what?
- A. Varicocele
- B. Epididymitis
- C. Prostatitis
- D. Hydrocele
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prostatitis. The patient's symptoms of perineal discomfort, burning, urgency, frequency with urination, and pain with ejaculation are indicative of prostatitis. Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, leading to these symptoms. Varicocele (A) is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, usually painless. Epididymitis (B) is inflammation of the epididymis, causing scrotal pain and swelling. Hydrocele (D) is a fluid-filled sac around the testicle, typically painless. The patient's symptoms align most closely with prostatitis due to the involvement of the prostate gland and the specific urinary and ejaculatory symptoms experienced.
A 58-year-old male patient has been hospitalized for a wedge resection of the left lower lung lobe after a routine chest x-ray shows carcinoma. The patient is anxious and asks if he can smoke. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic?
- A. Smoking is the reason you are here.
- B. The doctor left orders for you not to smoke.
- C. You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?
- D. Smoking is OK right now, but after your surgery it is contraindicated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You are anxious about the surgery. Do you see smoking as helping?" This response acknowledges the patient's anxiety and invites him to explore his reasons for wanting to smoke, opening up a dialogue and potentially uncovering underlying issues. It also avoids judgment or direct orders, fostering a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
Explanation of why the other choices are incorrect:
A: "Smoking is the reason you are here." - This response is blaming and may increase the patient's guilt or anxiety, hindering effective communication.
B: "The doctor left orders for you not to smoke." - This response is authoritative and may lead to resistance or defensiveness from the patient, rather than addressing his concerns.
D: "Smoking is OK right now, but after your surgery it is contraindicated." - This response is unclear and may send mixed messages to the patient, potentially leading to confusion or misunderstanding.
A nurse is working at a health fair screening people for liver cancer. Which population group should the nurse monitor mostclosely for liver cancer?
- A. Hispanic
- B. Asian Americans
- C. Non-Hispanic Caucasians
- D. Non-Hispanic African-Americans
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asian Americans. Asian Americans have a higher incidence of liver cancer compared to other population groups due to factors such as chronic hepatitis B infection and dietary aflatoxin exposure. Monitoring this group closely is essential for early detection and intervention.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hispanic - While Hispanics have a higher prevalence of fatty liver disease, the highest risk of liver cancer is not among this group.
C: Non-Hispanic Caucasians - Caucasians have a lower incidence of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans.
D: Non-Hispanic African-Americans - African-Americans have a lower risk of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans due to differences in risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B.
A nurse is sitting at the patient’s bedside takinga nursing history. Which zone of personal space is the nurse using?
- A. Socio-consultative
- B. Personal
- C. Intimate
- D. Public
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse sitting at the patient's bedside is using the personal zone of personal space, which ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet. This distance allows for a close interaction suitable for taking a nursing history while maintaining a professional yet personal connection. The socio-consultative zone (A) is 4-12 feet, more appropriate for professional interactions. The intimate zone (C) is 0-18 inches, too close for an initial nursing history. The public zone (D) is 12 feet or more, too distant for a personal conversation.
A nurse is reviewing results from a urine specimen.What will the nurse expect to see in a patient with a urinary tract infection?
- A. Casts
- B. Protein
- C. Crystals
- D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bacteria. In a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteria are typically present in the urine due to the infection of the urinary system. Bacteria may be detected through urine culture or microscopic examination.
A: Casts are not typically associated with UTIs but can indicate kidney disease.
B: Protein in the urine can indicate kidney damage or other issues, not specific to UTIs.
C: Crystals in the urine can be normal or indicate specific conditions, but they are not specific to UTIs.
In summary, the presence of bacteria in the urine is a key indicator of a UTI, while the other choices are more indicative of different conditions or factors.