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A patient has presented at the ED with copious diarrhea and accompanying signs of dehydration. During the patients health history, the nurse learns that the patient recently ate oysters from the Gulf of Mexico. The nurse should recognize the need to have the patients stool cultured for microorganisms associated with what disease?
- A. Ebola
- B. West Nile virus
- C. Legionnaires disease
- D. Cholera
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholera is associated with shellfish consumption from the Gulf of Mexico, causing watery diarrhea. Ebola, West Nile, and Legionnaires have different transmission modes.
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A clinic nurse is caring for a male patient diagnosed with gonorrhea who has been prescribed ceftriaxone and doxycycline. The patient asks why he is receiving two antibiotics. What is the nurses best response?
- A. There are many drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea, so more than one antibiotic may be required for successful treatment.
- B. The combination of these two antibiotics reduces the later risk of reinfection.
- C. Many people infected with gonorrhea are infected with chlamydia as well.
- D. This combination of medications will eradicate the infection twice as fast than a single antibiotic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dual therapy with ceftriaxone and doxycycline targets common co-infection with chlamydia in gonorrhea patients. It does not primarily address resistance, reinfection, or speed of cure.
A medical nurse is careful to adhere to infection control protocols, including handwashing. Which statement about handwashing supports the nurses practice?
- A. Frequent handwashing reduces transmission of pathogens from one patient to another.
- B. Wearing gloves is known to be an adequate substitute for handwashing.
- C. Bar soap is preferable to liquid soap.
- D. Waterless products should be avoided in situations where running water is unavailable.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Handwashing reduces pathogen transmission between patients, even with glove use. Bar soap can harbor bacteria, and waterless sanitizers are effective when water is unavailable.
An adult patient in the ICU has a central venous catheter in place. Over the past 24 hours, the patient has developed signs and symptoms that are suggestive of a central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). What aspect of the patients care may have increased susceptibility to CLABSI?
- A. The patients central line was placed in the femoral vein.
- B. The patient had blood cultures drawn from the central line.
- C. The patient was treated for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) during a previous admission.
- D. The patient has received antibiotics and IV fluids through the same line.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Femoral vein catheter placement increases CLABSI risk due to higher bacterial colonization. Blood cultures, prior VRE treatment, or combined IV fluids do not directly increase risk.
A nurse is preparing to administer a patients scheduled dose of subcutaneous heparin. To reduce the risk of needlestick injury, the nurse should perform what action?
- A. Recap the needle before leaving the bedside.
- B. Recap the needle immediately before leaving the room.
- C. Avoid recapping the needle before disposing of it.
- D. Wear gloves when administering the injection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding needle recapping prevents needlestick injuries. Used needles should be placed directly into puncture-resistant containers. Gloves do not prevent needlesticks.
A public health nurse is teaching a mother about vaccinations prior to obtaining informed consent for her childs vaccination. What should the nurse cite as the most common adverse effect of vaccinations?
- A. Temporary sensitivity to the sun
- B. Allergic reactions to the antigen or carrier solution
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Joint pain near the injection site
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions to vaccine components are the most common adverse effects. Sun sensitivity, nausea, and joint pain are not typical.