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A patient in labor begins to experience significant vaginal bleeding. What is the first step the nurse should take?
- A. Administer oxygen to the patient
- B. Check for a cord prolapse
- C. Perform a vaginal examination
- D. Perform a vaginal examination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Check for a cord prolapse. This is the first step because cord prolapse is a critical emergency that can lead to fetal compromise. By checking for cord prolapse, the nurse can quickly assess the situation and take appropriate actions to relieve pressure on the cord. Administering oxygen (choice A) may be necessary later but not the first step. Performing a vaginal examination (choices C and D) can exacerbate the situation by pushing the cord further into the birth canal.
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A nurse is caring for a pregnant patient who is 8 weeks gestation. The patient is asking about the safety of taking over-the-counter cold medications. Which response is most appropriate?
- A. It is safe to take any over-the-counter medication during pregnancy.
- B. You should only take medications that are specifically labeled for pregnancy use.
- C. Cold medications are never safe to take during pregnancy.
- D. Only herbal remedies are safe for treating colds during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because during pregnancy, it is essential to be cautious about medications. Choosing medications specifically labeled for pregnancy ensures safety for both the mother and the developing fetus. Choice A is incorrect because not all over-the-counter medications are safe during pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as some cold medications are safe when used as directed. Choice D is incorrect as not all herbal remedies are proven safe for use during pregnancy. It is important to prioritize the well-being of both the mother and the baby by following healthcare provider recommendations and using medications approved for use during pregnancy.
The nurse is providing education to a pregnant patient about diet during pregnancy. Which of the following statements indicates that the patient needs further teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- B. I need to limit my intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods.
- C. I can eat whatever I want as long as I am gaining weight steadily.
- D. I should drink plenty of water and stay hydrated throughout the day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement "I can eat whatever I want as long as I am gaining weight steadily" indicates a misunderstanding of healthy eating during pregnancy. The rationale is that pregnancy is a crucial time for proper nutrition, and simply focusing on weight gain without considering the quality of food can lead to health risks for both the mother and the baby. Choices A, B, and D are all correct statements that promote a healthy diet during pregnancy by emphasizing the importance of nutrient-dense foods, limiting unhealthy choices, and staying hydrated.
A pregnant patient at 30 weeks gestation is complaining of severe heartburn. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Lie down after meals to improve digestion.
- B. Drink a large amount of water after eating.
- C. Eat smaller meals more frequently and avoid lying down after meals.
- D. Take antacids regularly to relieve heartburn.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Eat smaller meals more frequently and avoid lying down after meals. This is the best recommendation for the pregnant patient experiencing severe heartburn at 30 weeks gestation. Eating smaller meals more frequently can help reduce the amount of stomach acid produced, thus decreasing the likelihood of heartburn. Avoiding lying down after meals can prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus, further reducing heartburn symptoms.
Rationale for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Lying down after meals can worsen heartburn by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
B: Drinking a large amount of water after eating may worsen heartburn by increasing stomach pressure and pushing stomach acid back up.
D: Taking antacids regularly may provide temporary relief but is not addressing the root cause of the heartburn and may not be safe for long-term use during pregnancy.
Which statement about fetal circulation is correct?
- A. The foramen ovale is between ventricles
- B. Umbilical vein contains oxygen-poor blood
- C. Right atrium contains mixed blood
- D. Ductus venosus lies between aorta and pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The right atrium contains both oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood due to the unique fetal circulatory system.
A pregnant patient is concerned about the use of caffeine during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Caffeine is completely safe during pregnancy and has no impact on the baby.
- B. Moderate caffeine consumption is safe, but it is recommended to limit it to 200 mg per day.
- C. You should avoid caffeine completely to prevent any complications.
- D. Caffeine can cause premature labor, so it should be avoided entirely.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Moderate caffeine consumption is safe, but it is recommended to limit it to 200 mg per day during pregnancy. This answer is appropriate because it balances the potential risks of caffeine with the benefits of moderate consumption. Excessive caffeine intake has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, so setting a limit is a prudent approach.
Explanation for Incorrect Choices:
A: This statement is incorrect as excessive caffeine intake during pregnancy can have negative effects on the baby.
C: Complete avoidance of caffeine is not necessary unless the individual has specific health concerns that warrant it.
D: While high levels of caffeine can be linked to complications, the statement that caffeine always causes premature labor is an oversimplification.