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A patient in the clinic reports difficulty tolerating the current ACE inhibitor medication, and questions if another medication could be used. The nurse correctly suspects the prescriber will choose which medication, which affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
- A. atenolol
- B. losartan
- C. spironolactone
- D. adenosine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that affects the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is often used as an alternative to ACE inhibitors. Atenolol (A) is a beta-blocker, spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and adenosine (D) is used for arrhythmias. ARBs like losartan are preferred for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough or angioedema.
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A healthcare professional is preparing to administer IV Vancomycin to a client who has a systemic infection. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Administer the medication rapidly over 15 minutes.
- B. Monitor the client for hypertension during infusion.
- C. Administer a test dose before the full dose.
- D. Monitor the client for Red Man Syndrome.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct action for the healthcare professional is to monitor the client for Red Man Syndrome. Red Man Syndrome is a common adverse reaction to Vancomycin characterized by flushing, rash, and hypotension. It is important to monitor the client for these symptoms to intervene promptly if they occur.
A client has a new prescription for Simvastatin. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take this medication at bedtime.
- B. I should avoid eating grapefruit while taking this medication.
- C. I will need to monitor my blood sugar closely while taking this medication.
- D. I will stop taking the medication if I develop muscle pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Grapefruit can increase the levels of simvastatin in the blood, leading to an increased risk of serious side effects, including muscle pain or damage. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to avoid consuming grapefruit while taking this medication to prevent potential complications.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for Metoprolol. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. This medication may make you feel dizzy at first.
- B. You should avoid foods that are high in fat.
- C. Take the medication in the morning.
- D. You may experience a rapid heart rate while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The nurse is preparing to transfuse a patient with a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Which intravenous solution is correct for use with the PRBC transfusion?
- A. 5% dextrose in water (D5W)
- B. 0.9% sodium chloride (NS)
- C. 5% dextrose in 0.45% sodium chloride (D5NS)
- D. 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer™s solution (D5LR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 0.9% sodium chloride (NS), also known as normal saline, is the correct intravenous solution to use with packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion. NS is isotonic and compatible with blood products, making it the preferred solution for blood transfusions to prevent hemolysis of red blood cells. Other solutions such as D5W, D5NS, and D5LR are not recommended for use with PRBC transfusions due to their potential to cause hemolysis or affect the stability of the blood product.
A client has a new prescription for Metoclopramide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Expect a rapid heart rate.
- B. Take the medication with meals.
- C. Report any signs of restlessness or involuntary movements.
- D. Avoid consuming dairy products.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction to include when teaching a client about Metoclopramide is to report any signs of restlessness or involuntary movements. Metoclopramide can lead to extrapyramidal symptoms, such as restlessness or involuntary movements. It is essential for clients to notify their healthcare provider if they experience these symptoms to receive appropriate management.