Microbiology A Systems Approach Test Bank

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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?

  • A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • B. Proteus vulgaris
  • C. Bacillus subtilis
  • D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for producing a bluish-green pigment called pyocyanin, which presents as a cyan pigment. This bacterium is commonly associated with wound infections and is often found in oral surgery complications. Proteus vulgaris (B) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (D) are not typically associated with cyan pigment production, making them less likely causative agents. Bacillus subtilis (C) is not known to produce cyan pigment and is not a common pathogen in wound infections. Therefore, based on the presence of cyan pigment and the clinical context of an oral surgery complication, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most probable causative agent.

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The type of antibody that can cross the placenta is:

  • A. IgA
  • B. IgM
  • C. IgG
  • D. IgD
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: IgG. IgG is the only antibody that can cross the placenta due to its small size and unique structure, allowing it to provide passive immunity to the fetus. IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions, IgM is too large to cross the placental barrier, and IgD plays a role in B cell activation but is not involved in placental transfer.

A group of Ukrainian tourists returning from Samarqand was bringing with them gerbils. During examination in customs office ulcers were detected on the skin of the animals. What protozoa is the most likely to cause the disease in the animals, if mosquitoes are the carriers?

  • A. Leishmania tropica major
  • B. Balantidium coli
  • C. P. falciparum
  • D. T. cruzi
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. The presence of ulcers in animals suggests a parasitic infection.
2. Mosquitoes as carriers indicate a protozoan transmitted through insect bites.
3. Among the choices, Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria transmitted by mosquitoes.
4. Leishmania tropica major causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, not ulcers.
5. Balantidium coli causes intestinal infections, not skin ulcers.
6. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, not skin ulcers.

Which of the following bacteria is associated with Lyme disease?

  • A. Borrelia burgdorferi
  • B. Clostridium botulinum
  • C. Escherichia coli
  • D. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Borrelia burgdorferi. This bacterium is associated with Lyme disease, a tick-borne illness. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. It causes a range of symptoms, including fever, rash, joint pain, and neurological problems.

Summary:
B: Clostridium botulinum is associated with botulism, a serious illness caused by a toxin produced by this bacterium.
C: Escherichia coli is a common bacterium found in the intestines of humans and animals, some strains can cause food poisoning.
D: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that can cause pneumonia and other respiratory infections, but not Lyme disease.

The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called:

  • A. pharmacodynamics
  • B. pharmacokinetics
  • C. pharmacotherapeutics
  • D. pharmacy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement in the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. It focuses on how the body processes a drug over time. Pharmacodynamics (A) is the study of the effects drugs have on the body. Pharmacotherapeutics (C) involves using drugs to treat diseases. Pharmacy (D) is the practice of preparing and dispensing medications. Pharmacokinetics specifically deals with drug concentrations at different body sites after administration, making it the most appropriate choice for this question.

Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?

  • A. M.leprae
  • B. M.tuberculosis
  • C. A.bovis
  • D. A.israilii
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: M.tuberculosis. The description of bacillus in the form of accumulations resembling a pack of cigarettes and staining red with Ziehl-Neelsen staining is characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M.leprae (Choice A) is associated with leprosy and does not typically appear as described. A.bovis (Choice C) is a type of Mycobacterium but is not typically found in the oral cavity. A.israilii (Choice D) is not associated with the characteristics mentioned in the question. Therefore, based on the specific characteristics described, M.tuberculosis is the most likely pathogenic organism revealed in the tissue sampling.

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