Nokea
A patient is about to receive pentobarbital 100 mg IV as preoperative sedation. The medication is available in a concentration of 50 mg/mL. How many milliliters will the patient receive for this dose?
Correct Answer: 2 mL
Rationale: 50 mg : 1 mL :: 100 mg : x mL; (50 * x) = (1 * 100); 50x = 100; x = 2 mL.
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The nurse notes in the patient's medication history that the patient is taking cyclobenzaprine. Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
- A. A musculoskeletal injury
- B. Insomnia
- C. Epilepsy
- D. Agitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cyclobenzaprine is the muscle relaxant most commonly used to reduce spasms following musculoskeletal injuries. It is not appropriate for insomnia, epilepsy, or agitation.
A patient has been taking phenobarbital for 2 weeks as part of his therapy for epilepsy. He tells the nurse that he feels tense and that -the least little thingll bothers him now. Which is the correct explanation for this problem?
- A. These are adverse effects that usually subside after a few weeks.
- B. The drug must be stopped immediately because of possible adverse effects.
- C. This drug causes the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period to increase, resulting in nightmares and restlessness.
- D. This drug causes deprivation of REM sleep and may cause the inability to deal with normal stress.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Barbiturates such as phenobarbital deprive people of REM sleep, which can result in agitation. Rebound phenomenon occurs when the drug is stopped (not during therapy), and the proportion of REM sleep increases, sometimes resulting in nightmares. The other options are incorrect.
A patient is taking flurazepam three to four nights a week for sleeplessness. She is concerned that she cannot get to sleep without taking the medication. What nonpharmacologic measures should the nurse suggest to promote sleep for this patient?
- A. Providing a quiet environment
- B. Exercising before bedtime to become tired
- C. Consuming heavy meals in the evening to promote sleepiness
- D. Drinking hot tea or coffee just before bedtime
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonpharmacologic approaches to induce sleep include providing a quiet environment, avoiding heavy exercise before bedtime, avoiding heavy meals late in the evening, and drinking warm decaffeinated drinks, such as warm milk, before bedtime.
The nurse is preparing to administer a barbiturate. Which conditions or disorders would be a contraindication to the use of these drugs?
- A. Gout
- B. Pregnancy
- C. Epilepsy
- D. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- E. Severe liver disease
- F. Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Contraindications to barbiturates include pregnancy, significant respiratory difficulties, and severe liver or renal disease. The other disorders are not contraindications.
A patient who has received some traumatic news is panicking and asks for some medication to help settle down. The nurse anticipates giving which drug that is most appropriate for this situation?
- A. Diazepam
- B. Zolpidem
- C. Phenobarbital
- D. Cyclobenzaprine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Benzodiazepines such as diazepam are used as anxiolytics, or sedatives. Zolpidem is used as a hypnotic for sleep. Phenobarbital is not used as an anxiolytic but is used for seizure control. Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant and is not used to reduce anxiety.