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A patient is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms resembling the flu. What information should the nurse gather to rule out exposure to anthrax spores?
- A. Determine the patient's occupation.
- B. Identify the patient's personal contacts over the past week.
- C. Obtain a twenty-four-hour diet history.
- D. Inquire about previous vaccination for smallpox.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anthrax is a serious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium that forms spores. Certain occupations, such as those involving livestock or animal products, may increase the risk of exposure to anthrax spores.
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A 42-year-old male client, who started experiencing mild flu-like symptoms 2 days ago, including an oral temperature of 101.2 °F (38.4 °C), came to the emergency department today due to increasing shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain. The client has no significant medical or surgical history. He occasionally drinks alcohol but denies smoking or drug use. He mentioned that he works in a government building and opened a package that was full of white powder. He may have inhaled some of the powder and coughed a few times but did not have any problems until a couple of days later. What actions should be taken?
- A. Apply oxygen via a nasal cannula.
- B. Place the client on a cardiorespiratory monitor.
- C. Infuse IV fluid boluses.
- D. Administer antiviral medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Given the client's symptoms and potential exposure to an unknown substance, it is crucial to monitor his vital signs and cardiorespiratory status. This will help healthcare providers detect any changes in the client's condition and respond appropriately.
The nurse is collaborating with a Parent-Teacher Organization (PTO) to enhance safety for children walking to and from a nearby elementary school. Which action should the nurse include to achieve this goal?
- A. Assist the residents in planning a campaign to remind drivers passing through the school zone to always wear seatbelts.
- B. Advise the residents to keep their porch lights on during the hours when children are walking to and from school.
- C. Encourage residents with older homes along the school route to have their homes inspected for high lead levels.
- D. Facilitate a discussion about the advantages of having designated safe houses located throughout the school neighborhood.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Facilitating a discussion about the advantages of having designated safe houses located throughout the school neighborhood can significantly enhance the safety of children walking to and from school. Safe houses can provide a secure place for children to go if they feel threatened or in danger while walking to or from school.
The Incident Command team discovers that over 30% of essential staff did not receive any communication. What should be done next?
- A. Identify the issue the facility is facing.
- B. Determine two actions the incident team should take to address the issue.
- C. Identify two parameters the team should monitor to ensure all essential personnel are aware of the communication tree.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All of the above actions should be taken to address the communication issue. The Incident Command team should identify the issue the facility is facing, determine actions to address the issue, and identify parameters to monitor to ensure all essential personnel are aware of the communication tree.
A 23-year-old single mother of three visits the Department of Health walk-in clinic with symptoms of abdominal pain, painful urination, fever, and vaginal discharge. She states that these symptoms began three days ago and she initially thought it was a urinary tract infection (UTI) until the vaginal discharge became purulent and bloody. She reports having three sexual partners over the past 60 days. She has visited the clinic three times in the past 12 months for similar concerns, but no sexually transmitted infections were diagnosed on those three prior visits. Given the history of clinic visits over the past 12 months with similar concerns, the nurse determines that client education should focus on prevention. What type of preventive education should the nurse identify for this client?
- A. Primary prevention, which would include education on safe sex practices.
- B. Secondary prevention, which would include regular screenings for sexually transmitted infections.
- C. Tertiary prevention, which would include education regarding prescribed treatments for sexually transmitted infections.
- D. Quaternary prevention, which would include strategies to avoid unnecessary or harmful interventions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention includes measures that prevent the occurrence of a specific disease or health condition. In the context of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), primary prevention would involve education on safe sex practices. This could include information on the use of condoms, the importance of regular STI testing, and the risks associated with having multiple sexual partners.
Given the limited supply, the local health department is required to prioritize the distribution of influenza vaccines. Who should the public health nurse advise to return to the clinic when more vaccines are available?
- A. A 65-year-old aide working in a nursing home.
- B. An 8-year-old girl with poorly-controlled asthma.
- C. A 60-year-old client with diabetes and agoraphobia (fear of crowds).
- D. An 80-year-old resident in an Alzheimer's unit.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 60-year-old client with diabetes is at increased risk for complications from influenza. However, their agoraphobia (fear of crowds) might make them less likely to be exposed to the virus compared to the other individuals. Therefore, they could be advised to return to the clinic when more vaccines are available.