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A patient is admitted with an elevated temperature and complaining of pain under his arm cast. A bad odor is noted coming from the elbow area of the cast. The patient tells you that his arm has been itching a great deal under the cast. What concern do you have?
- A. The patient may have damaged the skin under the cast, causing infection.
- B. The bone is not healing well under the cast, causing the pain.
- C. The skin under the cast is breaking down because of pressure from the cast.
- D. The patient may be developing gangrene (tissue death) under the cast, causing the odor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fever, pain, odor, and itching suggest a possible infection under the cast, likely from skin damage. Gangrene is less likely without systemic symptoms, and bone healing issues don't cause odor.
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When you care for a patient prior to surgery, one of your primary concerns is
- A. Researching the exact surgery that will take place.
- B. Ensuring that all preoperative orders are carried out correctly.
- C. Showing the family where to wait during the surgery.
- D. Explaining the surgical techniques that will be used with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring preoperative orders are followed is critical to prepare the patient safely for surgery. Researching surgery details, showing family waiting areas, or explaining techniques are not primary nursing responsibilities.
A 10-year-old has a fractured left leg with no trauma occurring to cause it. The health-care provider diagnoses a pathological fracture, possibly from a bone tumor. What type of diagnostic test would be ordered in this situation?
- A. CT scan
- B. MRI
- C. Bone scan
- D. Electromyelogram
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An MRI is best for evaluating soft tissue and potential bone tumors causing a pathological fracture. CT scans focus on bone structure, bone scans detect bone activity, and electromyelograms assess nerve function.
The purpose of a trapeze bar is to
- A. Prop the linens off of the patient's legs and feet.
- B. Hold the ropes and weights in traction.
- C. Provide a hand grip for the patient to use when moving in bed.
- D. Provide attachment points for skeletal traction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A trapeze bar allows patients to grip and reposition in bed, promoting independence and mobility.
Explain the purpose of an abduction pillow.
- A. To maintain hip alignment post-surgery.
- B. To elevate the legssome text missing legs.
- C. To reduce pain during movement.
- D. To support the back during recovery.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An abduction pillow maintains hip alignment post-surgery (e.g., hip replacement) to prevent dislocation. It does not primarily elevate legs, reduce pain, or support the back.
Fill in the acronym for the care of a sprain.
- A. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- B. Reduce, Immobilize, Cool, Elevate
- C. Rest, Inspect, Compress, Exercise
- D. Relax, Ice, Compress, Extend
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acronym for sprain care is RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, which reduces swelling and promotes healing. Other options include incorrect components.