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When a walker is correctly fitted to a patient, which of the following is true?
- A. The walker will come to the patient's hip.
- B. The top bar of the walker will reach the patient's waist.
- C. The patient's elbows will be bent at a 30-degree angle when his or her hands are on the handles.
- D. The patient's elbows will be bent at a 90-degree angle when the patient is pushing the walker.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct walker fit includes elbows bent at 15-30 degrees when hands are on handles for comfort and control.
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A patient has a fresh plaster cast applied to the left leg from the thigh to the ankle. How will you prevent complications as the cast dries?
- A. Elevate the leg and monitor for swelling or neurovascular issues.
- B. Apply heat to speed drying.
- C. Keep the cast covered to prevent contamination.
- D. Allow the patient to bear weight to test cast integrity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the leg and monitoring for swelling or neurovascular issues prevents complications like compartment syndrome. Heat, covering the cast, or weight-bearing could worsen outcomes.
You are working in a long-term care setting. One of the residents is able to ambulate but sits in a wheelchair each day. What action will you take?
- A. Check the orders for ambulation and be sure that they are followed to promote mobility.
- B. Change the activity order to wheelchair only because the resident prefers to sit rather than ambulate.
- C. Instruct the CNA to do passive range-of-motion exercises because the resident is not ambulating anymore.
- D. Call the doctor and report that the resident is no longer ambulating.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Promoting mobility by following ambulation orders prevents complications like muscle atrophy. Changing orders or assuming non-ambulation is premature without assessment.
When using a walker, where should the patient stand? What is the reason for this?
- A. Inside the walker frame to ensure stability.
- B. Behind the walker to push it forward.
- C. Beside the walker to maintain balance.
- D. In front of the walker to guide it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient stands inside the walker frame to ensure stability and support, reducing the risk of falling by keeping the body centered within the walker's base.
You are caring for a young child with hip dysplasia who is in a spica cast. An important nursing concern is
- A. Assessing circulation to the fingers and hands.
- B. Moving the patient carefully without using the abductor bar.
- C. Keeping the patient's hips elevated above the heart.
- D. Aligning the hips each time the patient is turned.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a spica cast, the abductor bar maintains hip alignment and should not be used to move the patient, as this could disrupt the cast or alignment. Circulation is assessed in the toes, not fingers.
You are working in a home health setting. Which of the following assessments would cause you to consider asking your supervisor to arrange for a physical therapy referral for your patient?
- A. The patient is ambulating in the home with a walker.
- B. The patient had surgery recently and is holding on to furniture to ambulate.
- C. The patient uses a wheelchair in the home, which has been remodeled to accommodate it.
- D. The patient is able to transfer with the assistance of one person and has a 24-hour caregiver in the home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Holding onto furniture to ambulate post-surgery indicates unsafe mobility, warranting a physical therapy referral to improve strength and safety. Other options suggest stable mobility or adequate support.