Nokea
A patient is allergic to penicillin. Which class of antibiotics might they also have a cross-allergy to?
- A. Cephalosporins
- B. Sulfonamides
- C. Macrolides
- D. Aminoglycosides
- G. A
Correct Answer: Cephalosporins share a similar structure with penicillin, risking cross-allergy. Sulfonamides, macrolides, and aminoglycosides lack this relation.
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalosporins. Cephalosporins have a beta-lactam ring structure similar to penicillin, leading to potential cross-allergy. Sulfonamides, macrolides, and aminoglycosides have different chemical structures, reducing the likelihood of cross-allergy. Therefore, individuals allergic to penicillin may have a cross-allergy to cephalosporins due to structural similarity, making it the correct choice.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for buspirone (Buspar) to treat anxiety. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Expect optimal effects within 24 hours.
- C. This medication has a low risk for dependency.
- D. Take this medication on an as-needed basis for anxiety.
- G. C
Correct Answer: No empty stomach requirement. Effects take weeks, not 24 hours. Low dependency risk is key. It's not for as-needed use.
Rationale: Correct Answer: C: This medication has a low risk for dependency.
Rationale:
1. Buspirone (Buspar) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with a lower risk of dependency compared to benzodiazepines.
2. Educating the client about the low dependency risk is crucial to alleviate fears and promote adherence.
3. Option A is incorrect as buspirone can be taken with or without food.
4. Option B is incorrect as the full therapeutic effects of buspirone may take several weeks to manifest, not within 24 hours.
5. Option D is incorrect as buspirone is typically taken regularly, not on an as-needed basis for anxiety.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because buspirone can be taken with or without food.
- Choice B is incorrect because optimal effects of buspirone may take weeks, not 24 hours.
- Choice D is incorrect because buspirone is typically taken regularly, not on an
Class of drugs derived from barbituric acid that act as CNS depressants and are used for their sedative and anti- seizure effect are known as _
- A. Antidepressants
- B. Anxiolytics
- C. Barbiturates
- D. Benzodiazepines
- G. C
Correct Answer: Antidepressants treat mood disorders. Anxiolytics reduce anxiety but aren't barbituric-derived. Barbiturates fit the description. Benzodiazepines aren't barbituric-based.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Barbiturates. Barbiturates are drugs derived from barbituric acid, acting as CNS depressants for sedative and anti-seizure effects. Antidepressants (A) are used for mood disorders, not CNS depression. Anxiolytics (B) are for anxiety and not all are barbituric-derived. Benzodiazepines (D) are a different class of CNS depressants, not derived from barbituric acid. Therefore, choice C is the most appropriate based on the specific description provided in the question.
According to an evidence-based approach, what is the most productive way to treat anxiety disorders?
- A. Provide the client with a powerful medication.
- B. Uncover and address the cause of anxiety.
- C. Allow the client to self-medicate with OTC medications.
- D. Immediately start multiple-drug therapy.
- G. B
Correct Answer: Medication alone isn't most productive. Cognitive behavioral therapy addressing anxiety causes is evidence-based. Self-medication and multiple drugs initially are not recommended.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uncover and address the cause of anxiety. An evidence-based approach for treating anxiety disorders involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address the underlying causes of anxiety. By identifying and working through the root causes of anxiety, clients can develop coping strategies and long-term solutions. Providing powerful medications (A) may only offer temporary relief and not address the underlying issues. Allowing self-medication with OTC medications (C) can be dangerous and lead to misuse. Immediately starting multiple-drug therapy (D) can increase the risk of side effects and interactions without addressing the root cause of anxiety. Thus, focusing on uncovering and addressing the causes of anxiety through CBT is the most productive and evidence-based approach.
A nurse is assisting with the care of four clients who have peptic ulcer disease. The nurse should identify that misoprostol (Cytotec) is contraindicated for which of the following clients?
- A. A client who is pregnant.
- B. A client who has osteoarthritis.
- C. A client who has a urinary tract infection.
- D. A client who has a kidney stone.
- G. A
Correct Answer: Misoprostol can induce labor or miscarriage, making it contraindicated in pregnancy. It's safe for osteoarthritis, UTIs, and kidney stones as it doesn't interact adversely with these conditions.
Rationale: Correct Answer: A. A client who is pregnant.
Rationale: Misoprostol is contraindicated in pregnancy as it can induce labor or miscarriage due to its uterotonic effects. This medication is used to prevent gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs, not for conditions like osteoarthritis, urinary tract infection, or kidney stones. Thus, it is important to avoid its use in pregnant individuals to prevent harm to the fetus.
Summary of Other Choices:
B: Misoprostol is safe for a client with osteoarthritis as it does not pose any specific risks or contraindications for this condition.
C: Misoprostol does not interact adversely with urinary tract infections, so it is safe for a client with this condition.
D: Misoprostol does not have any contraindications for kidney stones; therefore, it is safe for a client with this condition.
Which class of drugs is successful in treating an ulcer caused by H. pylori?
- A. Antacids
- B. H2-receptor blockers
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Proton-pump inhibitors
- G. C
Correct Answer: Antacids relieve symptoms. H2 blockers and PPIs reduce acid but don't kill H. pylori. Antibiotics eradicate the bacteria, treating the ulcer's cause.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antibiotics. Antacids (choice A) only provide symptomatic relief by neutralizing stomach acid. H2-receptor blockers (choice B) and proton-pump inhibitors (choice D) are used to reduce stomach acid secretion but do not directly target H. pylori bacteria. Choice C, antibiotics, are successful in treating ulcers caused by H. pylori because they specifically target and eradicate the bacteria, addressing the root cause of the ulcer. Therefore, antibiotics are the most effective class of drugs for treating H. pylori-induced ulcers.