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After taking the medication guaifenesin (Mucinex), the client complains of coughing up phlegm. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. This means there is probably more pathology present.
- B. This is indicative of an allergic reaction.
- C. This requires further investigation.
- D. This is a normal response to the medication.
- G. D
Correct Answer: Guaifenesin is an expectorant that loosens mucus, making coughing up phlegm a normal response. It's not indicative of more pathology, an allergic reaction, or a need for investigation unless symptoms worsen unusually.
Rationale: Step 1: Identify the medication's action - Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps loosen and thin mucus in the airways.
Step 2: Understand the expected response - Coughing up phlegm after taking guaifenesin is a normal response due to the medication's action.
Step 3: Evaluate the other choices - A, B, and C are incorrect because coughing up phlegm is not indicative of more pathology, an allergic reaction, or a need for further investigation in this context.
Step 4: Choose the correct response - Option G correctly acknowledges that coughing up phlegm is a normal response to guaifenesin and does not suggest any unnecessary concerns or actions.
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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who was newly prescribed paroxetine (Paxil) (an SSRI) for treatment of panic disorder. Sort the following information by what the nurse should include vs what not to include.
- A. Take this medication just before bedtime to promote sleep.
- B. Herbal medication can be combined with this medication.
- C. Monitor for weight changes while taking this medication.
- D. It can take several weeks before you feel like the medication is helping.
- G. A,C
Correct Answer: Bedtime dosing helps with side effects like drowsiness. Herbal combinations risk serotonin syndrome and should be avoided. Weight changes are a side effect to monitor. It takes weeks for full effect, but this was mislabeled; A and C are correct inclusions.
Rationale: The correct answer is G: A,C. The rationale for this is as follows:
1. A: Taking the medication just before bedtime can help minimize side effects like drowsiness, which is common with SSRIs like paroxetine.
2. C: Monitoring for weight changes is important because weight gain or loss can be a side effect of paroxetine.
3. B: Combining herbal medications with paroxetine can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.
4. D: It is true that it can take several weeks before feeling the full benefits of paroxetine, but this information was not provided in the question stem.
In summary, A and C are the correct inclusions because they provide important information related to the medication's side effects and administration, while B and D are incorrect because they introduce potential risks and irrelevant information.
The patient with tuberculosis is now on isoniazid (INH). Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor?
- A. BUN
- B. PT and PTT
- C. Liver enzymes (LFTs)
- D. CBC
- G. C
Correct Answer: BUN, PT/PTT, and CBC aren't specific to INH. Liver enzymes are monitored due to INH's hepatotoxicity risk.
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse should monitor liver enzymes (LFTs) in a patient on isoniazid (INH) due to the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. 1. Isoniazid is known to cause liver damage in some patients. 2. Monitoring liver enzymes can help detect any liver dysfunction early. 3. LFTs include tests such as ALT, AST, and bilirubin, which can indicate liver damage. 4. Regular monitoring of LFTs is essential to ensure the safe use of INH. Incorrect choices: A. BUN is not specific to INH. B. PT and PTT are not directly related to INH use. D. CBC is not specifically required for monitoring INH therapy.
Which class of drugs is successful in treating an ulcer caused by H. pylori?
- A. Antacids
- B. H2-receptor blockers
- C. Antibiotics
- D. Proton-pump inhibitors
- G. C
Correct Answer: Antacids relieve symptoms. H2 blockers and PPIs reduce acid but don't kill H. pylori. Antibiotics eradicate the bacteria, treating the ulcer's cause.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antibiotics. Antacids (choice A) only provide symptomatic relief by neutralizing stomach acid. H2-receptor blockers (choice B) and proton-pump inhibitors (choice D) are used to reduce stomach acid secretion but do not directly target H. pylori bacteria. Choice C, antibiotics, are successful in treating ulcers caused by H. pylori because they specifically target and eradicate the bacteria, addressing the root cause of the ulcer. Therefore, antibiotics are the most effective class of drugs for treating H. pylori-induced ulcers.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being treated for peptic ulcer disease. Which medication should the patient be taught to avoid?
- A. NSAIDs
- B. Antacids
- C. H2 blockers
- D. PPIs .
- G. A
Correct Answer: NSAIDs can worsen ulcers by irritating the stomach lining. Antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs aid ulcer healing.
Rationale: The correct answer is A: NSAIDs. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can worsen peptic ulcers by irritating the stomach lining and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which is needed for stomach lining protection. Antacids, H2 blockers, and PPIs, on the other hand, help in ulcer healing by reducing stomach acid production or neutralizing acid. Therefore, teaching the patient to avoid NSAIDs is crucial to prevent exacerbation of peptic ulcers.
The healthcare provider has ordered 1000 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride to be administered intravenously over 5 hours. The drop factor on the tubing is 15 drops/mL. How many milliliters per hour and how many drops per minute will you administer?
- A. 200 mL/hr and 45 drops/min
- B. 250 mL/hr and 45 drops/min
- C. 250 mL/hr and 50 drops/min
- D. 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min
- G. D
Correct Answer: 1000 mL ÷ 5 hr = 200 mL/hr. 200 mL/hr ÷ 60 min = 3.33 mL/min × 15 drops/mL = 49.95 drops/min, rounded to 50. Thus, 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min.
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min. To calculate the mL per hour, you divide the total mL by the total hours (1000 mL ÷ 5 hr = 200 mL/hr). To find the mL per minute, you divide the mL per hour by 60 minutes (200 mL/hr ÷ 60 min = 3.33 mL/min). Next, to determine the drops per minute, you multiply the mL per minute by the drop factor (3.33 mL/min × 15 drops/mL = 49.95 drops/min, rounded to 50 drops/min). Therefore, the correct administration rate is 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the correct calculation based on the given parameters. Choice A and B have incorrect mL per hour values, and Choice C has an incorrect drops per minute value.