Nokea
A patient is being treated in the ED following a terrorist attack. The patient is experiencing visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, and behavioral changes. The nurse suspects this patient has been exposed to what chemical agent?
- A. Nerve agent
- B. Pulmonary agent
- C. Vesicant
- D. Blood agent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nerve agents cause neurological symptoms like visual disturbances, nausea, and behavioral changes due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
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A nurse is participating in the planning of a hospitals emergency operations plan. The nurse is aware of the potential for ethical dilemmas during a disaster or other emergency. Ethical dilemmas in these contexts are best addressed by which of the following actions?
- A. Having an ethical framework in place prior to an emergency
- B. Allowing staff to provide care anonymously during an emergency
- C. Assuring staff that they are not legally accountable for care provided during an emergency
- D. Teaching staff that principles of ethics do not apply in an emergency situation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pre-established ethical frameworks guide decision-making in disasters, ensuring consistent ethical care. Anonymity, non-accountability, or dismissing ethics are inappropriate.
A 44-year-old male patient has been exposed to severe amount of radiation after a leak in a reactor plant. When planning this patients care, the nurse should implement what action?
- A. The patient should be scrubbed with alcohol and iodine.
- B. The patient should be carefully protected from infection.
- C. The patients immunization status should be promptly assessed.
- D. The patients body hair should be removed to prevent secondary contamination.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation damages the hematopoietic system, increasing infection risk, so infection prevention is critical. Alcohol/iodine, hair removal, or immunization checks are not relevant.
A patient is admitted to the ED who has been exposed to a nerve agent. The nurse should anticipate the STAT administration of what drug?
- A. Amyl nitrate
- B. Dimercaprol
- C. Erythromycin
- D. Atropine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atropine counteracts nerve agent effects by blocking acetylcholine, alleviating hyperstimulation symptoms. Other drugs are for different agents or ineffective.
A patient has been witness to a disaster involving a large number of injuries. The patient appears upset, but states that he feels capable of dealing with his emotions. What is the nurses most appropriate intervention?
- A. Educate the patient about the potential harm in denying his emotions.
- B. Refer the patient to social work or spiritual care.
- C. Encourage the patient to take a leave of absence from his job to facilitate emotional healing.
- D. Encourage the patient to return to normal social roles when appropriate.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Supporting the patient's self-assessed coping ability and encouraging a return to normal roles fosters resilience. Premature referrals or assumptions of denial are not justified.
The announcement is made that the facility may return to normal functioning after a local disaster. In the emergency operations plan, what is this referred to as?
- A. Demobilization response
- B. Post-incident response
- C. Crisis diffusion
- D. Reversion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Demobilization response marks the transition back to normal operations after a disaster, signaling resource reallocation.