Nokea
A patient is brought into the ER. The patient's BAL is 0.48 and the patient is unconscious. What is the first thing you do?
- A. Place the patient in a quiet area and wait until the patient begins to sober before continuing your assessment.
- B. Call the ED practitioner immediately.
- C. Administer Narcan to the patient.
- D. Send the patient to ICU immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immediate notification of the ED practitioner ensures prompt intervention for a life-threatening condition.
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Steve, who is diagnosed with pneumonia following recent intrathoracic surgery, will likely be prescribed
- A. Cephalosporin, such as cefazolin.
- B. Penicillin, such as amoxicillin.
- C. Fluoroquinolone, such as levofloxacin.
- D. Tetracycline, such as doxycycline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cephalosporins are commonly used antibiotics for treating post-surgical pneumonia.
On assessing Mr. Puff, what would you expect to find?
- A. ‘Blue bloater’ appearance
- B. Copious amount of thin sputum
- C. Increased anteroposterior chest diameter
- D. Prolonged inspiratory time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased anteroposterior chest diameter. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), like Mr. Puff, there is often air trapping leading to hyperinflation of the lungs. This results in an increased anteroposterior chest diameter, known as a "barrel chest" appearance. Option A (‘Blue bloater’ appearance) is associated with chronic bronchitis, not necessarily COPD. Option B (Copious amount of thin sputum) is more indicative of bronchiectasis. Option D (Prolonged inspiratory time) is a nonspecific finding and not typically associated with COPD.
What is the first symptom to occur in hypovolemia?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Thirst
- C. Central venous pressure below 2 to 3 mmHg
- D. Urine specific gravity high
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thirst is the earliest indicator of hypovolemia, as the body signals the need for fluid replacement before more severe signs like hypotension develop.
Which eye procedure is used to remove the epithelial layer of the cornea while a laser sculpts the cornea to correct refractive errors?
- A. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
- B. Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS)
- C. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
- D. Conductive keratoplasty (CK)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PRK involves removing the epithelial layer before reshaping the cornea with a laser.
What is the purpose and advantage of methadone maintenance therapy?
- A. Increased alertness
- B. Lower immune response
- C. Faster metabolism
- D. Enhanced digestion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is the most appropriate response based on physiological and medical principles.