Nokea
A patient is experiencing mucositis (stomatitis) after receiving chemotherapy. Which symptomatic treatments will be appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Frequent mouth rinses
- B. Antiemetics
- C. Topical anesthetics
- D. Stress reduction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucositis, or stomatitis, is a painful inflammation of the mucous membranes caused by chemotherapy. Frequent mouth rinses with saline or baking soda solutions help keep the mouth clean and promote healing. Topical anesthetics, such as lidocaine, can provide pain relief. Stress reduction techniques, such as relaxation or mindfulness, may help manage the discomfort associated with mucositis. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, which are not directly related to mucositis. Antibiotics are only necessary if there is a secondary infection, which is not mentioned in this scenario.
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A patient is receiving an IV infusion of a thrombolytic drug during treatment for an acute MI. The nurse notices that there is a slight amount of bleeding from the antecubital area where venous lab work was drawn. What will the nurse do first?
- A. Monitor the site for further bleeding.
- B. Apply pressure to the site with a gauze pa
- D. Slow the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Applying pressure to the site with a gauze pad is the first action the nurse should take when noticing bleeding from the antecubital area. This will help control the bleeding and prevent further blood loss. Monitoring the site for further bleeding is important, but immediate intervention by applying pressure is necessary to address the issue. Slowing the rate of infusion of the thrombolytic drug or stopping the infusion should be considered if bleeding continues despite applying pressure or if there are signs of significant bleeding or hemorrhage.
Which of the following drugs has a therapeutic effect that increases cardiac output and slows heart rate?
- A. Heparin
- B. Alprazola
- C. Digoxin
- D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. It works by increasing the force of contraction of the heart muscle, thereby increasing cardiac output. Additionally, digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it helpful in conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation, while Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication to treat hypothyroidism. None of these drugs have the therapeutic effects of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate like digoxin.
A child was brought to the emergency room complaining of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upon the interview of the nurse to the mother, the client has been taking a long-
- A. Which of the following medications should be readily available?
- B. naltrexone (ReVi
- C. urea (Ureaphil)
- D. acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting in a child with a history of taking a long-acting formulation of valproic acid (Depakene) is concerning for valproic acid overdose. Valproic acid toxicity can lead to liver damage, which may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. In cases of valproic acid overdose, acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is commonly used as a treatment to help prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing glutathione stores and acting as a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Therefore, acetylcysteine should be readily available in this scenario to initiate prompt treatment and potentially prevent severe liver injury.
Which drug concentration is appropriate to administer in an order for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM to treat a severe allergic reaction in an adult patient?
- A. 1:10,000
- B. 0.736111111
- C. 0.111111111
- D. 1:10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate concentration for epinephrine 0.3 mg IM in an adult for a severe allergic reaction is 1:1000. This concentration is used for intramuscular administration, while 1:10,000 (A) is used for intravenous administration in cardiac arrest. Concentrations of 1:100 (C) and 1:10 (D) are not standard for this purpose.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking Digoxin. The nurse should instruct the patient to monitor and report which of the following adverse e昀昀ects? ( select all the apply)
- A. Fatigue
- B. Constipation
- C. Anorexia
- D. Rash
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Fatigue: Digoxin, a medication commonly used to treat heart conditions, can cause side effects such as fatigue. Patients taking Digoxin should monitor and report any unusual fatigue or weakness to their healthcare provider.