Questions on the Respiratory System

Questions on the Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on the Respiratory System related questions and content

A patient is having her tonsils removed. The patient asks the nurse what function the tonsils normally serve. Which of the following would be the most accurate response?

  • A. The tonsils separate your windpipe from your throat when you swallow.
  • B. The tonsils help to guard the body from invasion of organisms.
  • C. The tonsils make enzymes that you swallow and which aid with digestion.
  • D. The tonsils help with regulating the airflow down into your lungs.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The tonsils help to guard the body from invasion of organisms. Tonsils are part of the immune system and act as the body's first line of defense against bacteria and viruses that enter through the mouth and nose. They help to trap and kill these pathogens, preventing them from causing infections in the body. This function is essential for overall immune response and protection against illnesses.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: The tonsils do not separate the windpipe from the throat. That function is performed by the epiglottis.
C: Tonsils do not make enzymes for digestion. Enzymes for digestion are mainly produced by the pancreas and salivary glands.
D: Tonsils do not regulate airflow into the lungs. The epiglottis and other structures in the respiratory system are responsible for regulating airflow.

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Which one is a Non-reversible pulmonary disease in which the bronchi are blocked with mucous and infection and rupture of alveoli

  • A. Silicosis
  • B. Asphyxia
  • C. Emphysema
  • D. Embolism
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is a non-reversible pulmonary disease characterized by the destruction of lung tissue, leading to the blockage of bronchioles and rupture of alveoli. This results in difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen exchange. Silicosis (A) is caused by inhaling silica dust, not related to bronchial blockage. Asphyxia (B) is a condition of suffocation, not related to pulmonary disease. Embolism (D) is the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot, not specific to the bronchi or alveoli.

An oxygen delivery system is prescribed for a male client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to deliver a precise oxygen concentration. Which of the following types of oxygen delivery systems would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed?

  • A. Face tent
  • B. Venturi mask
  • C. Aerosol mask
  • D. Tracheostomy collar
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Venturi mask. This type of oxygen delivery system allows for precise oxygen concentration delivery by adjusting the oxygen flow rate and selecting the appropriate color-coded adaptor. Venturi masks are commonly used in clients with COPD to ensure accurate oxygen delivery and prevent oxygen toxicity.

A: Face tent provides high humidity but does not allow for precise oxygen concentration delivery.
C: Aerosol mask is used for humidification and medication delivery, not for precise oxygen concentration.
D: Tracheostomy collar is used for clients with a tracheostomy, not for precise oxygen concentration in COPD.

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to

  • A. intrapleural fluid.
  • B. leaking plasma.
  • C. blood.
  • D. mucus.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: intrapleural fluid. Intrapleural fluid reduces friction between the lungs and the chest wall, allowing them to move easily during breathing. This fluid creates a lubricated surface that facilitates smooth movement. Leaking plasma (B) and mucus (D) do not provide the necessary lubrication for lung movement. Blood (C) plays a role in oxygen exchange but does not directly contribute to the ease of lung movement within the pleural sacs.

The volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation is the

  • A. tidal volume
  • B. residual volume
  • C. inspiratory reserve volume
  • D. expiratory reserve volume
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: expiratory reserve volume. After normal exhalation (tidal volume), the expiratory reserve volume represents the additional volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled. This volume is used during activities requiring increased breathing effort. Choices A and C are incorrect because tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, and inspiratory reserve volume is the extra volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. Choice B, residual volume, is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal exhalation and cannot be exhaled voluntarily.

The Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining the trachea is composed of

  • A. Goblet cells
  • B. Macrophages
  • C. Fibroblast
  • D. All these
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Goblet cells. Goblet cells are responsible for secreting mucus in the respiratory tract, aiding in trapping and removing foreign particles. This is crucial for protecting the lungs from debris and pathogens. Macrophages are immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, not a component of the epithelium. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells, not part of the epithelial lining. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

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