Nokea
A patient is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the management of osteoarthritis. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: NSAIDs are known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal complications, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and perforation. This risk is higher in patients who are elderly, have a history of peptic ulcer disease, are taking high doses of NSAIDs, or are using them for a prolonged period. It is important for the nurse to closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as abdominal pain, black or tarry stools, vomiting blood, and anemia. Prompt identification and management of these complications are essential to prevent serious consequences. Monitoring for gastrointestinal adverse effects is crucial when a patient is prescribed NSAIDs for managing conditions like osteoarthritis.
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A patient presents with acute onset of severe headache, visual disturbances, and vomiting. Imaging reveals a tumor compressing the optic chiasm. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Meningioma
- B. Glioblastoma multiforme
- C. Pituitary adenoma
- D. Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pituitary adenoma is a type of benign tumor that arises from the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. When a pituitary adenoma grows large enough, it can compress surrounding structures, including the optic chiasm – the point at which the optic nerves cross over in the brain. Compression of the optic chiasm can lead to symptoms such as vision problems (e.g., visual disturbances), headaches, and nausea/vomiting, which are consistent with the presentation described in the question. Meningiomas, glioblastoma multiforme, and medulloblastomas are less likely to compress the optic chiasm and present with different characteristic symptoms based on their locations and growth patterns.
A patient with a severe bacterial infection has elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in their blood. Which of the following functions does CRP primarily serve during the acute phase response?
- A. Opsonization of pathogens
- B. Activation of complement system
- C. Phagocytosis of pathogens
- D. Neutralization of toxins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the acute phase response, C-reactive protein (CRP) primarily serves to activate the complement system. CRP binds to phosphocholine on the surface of pathogens, allowing for the activation of the classical pathway of the complement system. This leads to the recruitment of immune cells, opsonization of pathogens, and enhancement of phagocytosis. The activation of the complement system by CRP plays a crucial role in the host defense against infections, aiding in the elimination of pathogens and the resolution of inflammation.
A 35-year-old woman presents with irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with these symptoms?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Ovarian cancer
- D. Uterine fibroids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. The classic symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism (excess hair growth in a male pattern), and acne. Women with PCOS often have enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts. Other common features include obesity, insulin resistance, and infertility. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, leading to symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility. Ovarian cancer usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and is less likely in a young woman with these specific symptoms. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure but are less likely to be associated with hirsutism and acne.
One GOOD nursing intervention of the nurse for Almira would be to do which of the following?
- A. Advise her to eat her meals.
- B. Put her on absolute bed rest.
- C. Take the vital signs q 4 hours.
- D. Advise her to take care of Jay.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for Almira would be to advise her to eat her meals. This is important in promoting her health and well-being, especially if she has been neglecting her own nutrition due to stress or caring for her son, Jay. Providing proper nutrition is a basic aspect of nursing care that supports the overall health and recovery of the patient. By encouraging Almira to prioritize her own nutrition, the nurse can help ensure that she has the physical strength and energy needed to take care of herself and her son effectively.
Despite the reaction of the patient, which of the ethical principle that the nurse is responsible of providing all patients with caring attention and information?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Veracity
- C. Nonmaleficence
- D. Advocacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Advocacy is the ethical principle that the nurse is responsible for providing all patients with caring attention and information, despite the reaction of the patient. Advocacy involves supporting and speaking up for the patient's best interests, ensuring they receive the care and information they need to make informed decisions about their health and well-being. Providing caring attention and information is essential in advocating for the patient's autonomy and well-being, even if the patient may not initially appreciate or react positively to these efforts.