Nokea
A patient presents with fever, headache, and a maculopapular rash that started on the face and spread to the trunk and extremities. Laboratory tests reveal leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Borrelia burgdorferi
- B. Plasmodium falciparum
- C. Rickettsia rickettsii
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The clinical presentation described with fever, headache, maculopapular rash starting on the face and spreading to the trunk and extremities, along with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia suggests a likely diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), which is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the primary purpose of splinting a fractured extremity in the pre-hospital setting?
- A. Immobilization to prevent further injury.
- B. Pain relief during transport.
- C. Reduction of swelling.
- D. Stabilization of the fracture site.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of splinting a fractured extremity in the pre-hospital setting is to immobilize the injured area in order to prevent further injury. By stabilizing the fracture, splinting helps to reduce movement, which can alleviate pain, prevent additional damage to surrounding tissues, and minimize the risk of causing more harm during transport or while providing care. Splinting also helps to maintain proper alignment of the bones, which is crucial for the healing process and long-term function of the injured limb.
The first standard step in oxygen therapy that the nurse should do is________.
- A. assess client's condition
- B. gather all the equipment and supplies
- C. prepare the client for the oxygen treatment
- D. check the chart for ordered flow rate and oxygen delivery method
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first standard step in oxygen therapy that the nurse should do is to assess the client's condition. Before initiating any oxygen treatment, it is essential to assess the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation levels, vital signs, and overall condition. This initial assessment helps the nurse to determine the appropriate course of oxygen therapy based on the client's individual needs and current health status. Assessing the client's condition first ensures that the oxygen therapy provided is safe and effective for the specific needs of the client.
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed phosphate binders. Which instruction should the nurse include in patient education about phosphate binder therapy?
- A. "Take phosphate binders with meals."
- B. "Avoid taking phosphate binders with calcium supplements."
- C. "Increase your intake of foods high in phosphorus."
- D. "Take phosphate binders on an empty stomach."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction that the nurse should include in patient education about phosphate binder therapy is to "Take phosphate binders with meals." Phosphate binders are medications given to patients with chronic kidney disease to help control high phosphate levels in the blood. Taking phosphate binders with meals allows them to bind to the phosphorus present in the food, reducing its absorption in the body. This helps to lower blood phosphate levels effectively. Instructing the patient to take phosphate binders with meals ensures optimal binding of phosphorus from the diet, which is crucial for managing phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive menstrual bleeding due to abnormal proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus?
- A. Endometriosis
- B. Endometrial hyperplasia
- C. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)
- D. Adenomyosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. One common symptom of endometriosis is excessive menstrual bleeding, known as menorrhagia. This excessive bleeding is due to the presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations, leading to inflammation, scarring, and blood accumulation. In severe cases, endometriosis can lead to the formation of adhesions, cysts, and scar tissue, causing significant pain and fertility issues for affected individuals. Endometrial hyperplasia, leiomyomas (uterine fibroids), and adenomyosis are other gynecological conditions, but they do not involve the abnormal proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus like endometriosis does.
A patient is reluctant to undergo a recommended procedure due to fear of pain. What is the nurse's best approach to address this fear?
- A. Dismiss the patient's fear and assure them that the procedure will not be painful.
- B. Provide the patient with accurate information about pain management strategies and options.
- C. Ignore the patient's fear and proceed with scheduling the procedure.
- D. Tell the patient that fear of pain is irrational and unfounded.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address the patient's fear of pain is to provide accurate information about pain management strategies and options. In doing so, the nurse can help alleviate the patient's concerns by empowering them with knowledge and potential solutions for managing pain during and after the procedure. By acknowledging the patient's fear and addressing it with practical information, the nurse can build trust, reduce anxiety, and create a more supportive and collaborative environment for the patient. Dismissing, ignoring, or invalidating the patient's fear would not be effective in addressing the underlying concerns and could potentially lead to increased distress and resistance to the recommended procedure.