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A patient is prescribed an opioid analgesic for the management of acute pain. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioid analgesics are known to suppress the respiratory centers in the brain, leading to respiratory depression as a side effect. This adverse effect is particularly dangerous and potentially life-threatening, especially in patients who are opioid-naive or when high doses are administered. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and effort while on opioid analgesic therapy to detect early signs of respiratory depression and intervene promptly to prevent complications. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia are not commonly associated with opioid analgesics.
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A patient presents with a painful thyroid nodule and signs of hypothyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals Hurthle cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- B. Graves' disease
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Hurthle cell carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hurthle cell carcinoma is a subtype of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells in the thyroid gland. Patients with Hurthle cell carcinoma may present with a painful thyroid nodule, which can be associated with signs of hypothyroidism due to the disruption of thyroid hormone production by the tumor. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealing Hurthle cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy is a characteristic finding in this type of carcinoma.
In order to PREVENT the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community, Nurse Emma should teach the family, which of the following?
- A. Boil the utensils used by the patients
- B. Avoid sharing items used by the infected person.
- C. Take a bath three or more times a day.
- D. Wear mask and shield at all times even at home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid sharing items used by the infected person in order to prevent the spread of Scabies infestation to other residents in the community. Scabies is a highly contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, and it can easily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or by sharing personal items such as clothing, towels, and bedding. By advising the family to avoid sharing items used by the infected person, Nurse Emma is helping to prevent the transmission of the mites to others in the community. Boiling utensils, taking excessive baths, or wearing masks and shields are not necessary preventive measures for scabies infestation.
Deductive Reasoning process is applied in:
- A. Qualitative research
- B. Action research
- C. Quantitative research
- D. Applied research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which conclusions are drawn from a set of premises or given information. In quantitative research, this type of reasoning is commonly used to test hypotheses and make predictions based on theories and existing knowledge. Researchers start with established theories or hypotheses and then collect data to either support or refute them. This structured approach aligns with the principles of deductive reasoning and is a key characteristic of quantitative research methodology.
During the first contact of the patient with the nurse, the latter should demonstrate the following behavior, which the EXCEPTION of _______.
- A. Caring
- B. Encouraging
- C. Comforting
- D. Compelling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the first contact with a patient, a nurse should demonstrate caring, encouraging, and comforting behaviors. These qualities help create a positive and supportive environment for the patient. However, compelling behavior, which implies forcing or pressuring someone to do something, is not appropriate during the initial interaction with a patient. It is essential for the nurse to build trust and rapport with the patient, and compelling behavior can be counterproductive to establishing a nurturing relationship. Thus, compelling is the exception among the given choices for the nurse's behavior during the first contact with a patient.
The Medical Director, with the Chief Nurse and other officers, of the hospital believe that Patient Relations is important in risk management because a dissatisfied customer is likely to sue. Which is NOT the way to handle complaints?
- A. Let the patient express himself,
- B. Be sure to rebut the patient point by point.
- C. Staff should not be defensive.
- D. Listen to the patient's cue carefully.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B, "Be sure to rebut the patient point by point," is NOT the way to handle complaints. When dealing with patient complaints, it is important to take a calm and empathetic approach rather than engaging in a defensive or confrontational manner. Rebutting the patient point by point can escalate the situation and may further alienate the patient. Effective complaint management involves active listening, showing empathy, addressing concerns, and working towards a resolution that benefits both the patient and the healthcare provider.