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A patient is prescribed metronidazole for intestinal amebiasis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the patient regarding the drug?
- A. Take the drug on an empty stomach.
- B. Avoid intake of alcohol.
- C. Guard against effects of photosensitivity.
- D. Take phenobarbital for impaired sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid the use of alcohol, in any form, until the course of treatment is completed. The ingestion of alcohol may cause a mild to severe reaction, with symptoms of severe vomiting, headache, nausea, abdominal cramps, flushing, and sweating. Metronidazole should be taken with food or meals, not on an empty stomach. Photosensitivity is not one of the side effects of metronidazole. Phenobarbital should be avoided, as it increases the metabolism of metronidazole.
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A patient has been prescribed ketoconazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the patient regarding its use?
- A. Cut the tablet in half and take each half one after the other.
- B. Take the drug with an antacid.
- C. Ignore any abdominal pain and fever-these are normal.
- D. Do not drive if drowsiness or dizziness occurs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid driving or performing other hazardous tasks requiring alertness if drowsiness or dizziness occurs. The tablet should not be cut in two or chewed. The drug should also not be taken with an antacid because of a decrease in absorption. Abdominal pain and fever should be reported to the primary health care provider immediately, not ignored.
The primary health care provider has prescribed quinine for a client. The patient is also taking warfarin. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind about this combination when providing care to the patient?
- A. Quinine absorption is increased.
- B. Metabolism of quinine is increased.
- C. The patient is at increased risk for bleeding.
- D. The patient's risk for a heart attack is increased.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Combining warfarin with quinine increases the risk of bleeding. There is no risk of increased absorption or increased metabolism and no increased risk of heart attack associated with taking warfarin and quinine.
Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client about the use of an antifungal cream preparation for the treatment of ringworm in the ambulatory care setting?
- A. Clean involved area before applying cream.
- B. Increase the amount of cream used if skin infection worsens.
- C. Decrease the frequency of applying cream if skin infection improves.
- D. Keep towels and washcloths for bathing separate from other family members during treatment.
- E. Keep the affected area clean and moist.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: When instructing a client about the use of an antifungal cream preparation for the treatment of ringworm in the ambulatory care setting, the nurse should include the following: cleaning the involved area and applying the cream to the skin as directed by the physician, not increasing or decreasing the amount used or number of times the cream should be applied unless directed to do so by the physician, keeping the affected area clean and dry, and keeping towels and washcloths for bathing separate from those of other family members to avoid the spread of infection.
After teaching a group of nursing students about the actions of the various antifungal drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which drug as having only fungistatic activity?
- A. Fluconazole
- B. Amphotericin B
- C. Miconazole
- D. Nystatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluconazole has fungistatic activity, whereas amphotericin B, miconazole, and nystatin exert both fungicidal and fungistatic activity.
A nurse is conducting a class for a local community group about herbal agents. Which of the following would the nurse include as being effective against fungal skin infections?
- A. Tea tree oil
- B. Gingko biloba
- C. Valerian root
- D. Fever few
- E. Garlic
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Tea tree oil and garlic are two herbs that researchers have identified as having antifungal properties to treat skin infections.