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A patient is seen at the outpatient clinic for a sudden onset of inflammation and severe pain in the great toe. A definitive diagnosis of gouty arthritis is made on the basis of what?
- A. A family history of gout
- B. Elevated urine uric acid levels
- C. Elevated serum uric acid levels
- D. Presence of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monosodium urate crystals confirm gout.
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A patient diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder says, I have pain from an undiagnosed injury. I can't take care of myself. I need pain medicine six or seven times a day. I feel like a baby because my family has to help me so much. It is important for the nurse to assess:
- A. mood.
- B. cognitive style.
- C. secondary gains.
- D. identity and memory.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: secondary gains. In this scenario, the patient's focus on pain and dependency suggests potential secondary gains, such as attention or avoidance of responsibilities. Assessing secondary gains helps in understanding the underlying motivations for the symptoms. Mood (choice A) may be important but doesn't directly address the patient's behavior. Cognitive style (choice B) and identity/memory (choice D) are not as relevant in this context as secondary gains in somatic symptom disorder.
The nurse in the postoperative unit prepares to receive a client after a balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery. Which of the following items should the nurse keep at the bedside for such a client in the case of an emergency situation based on the procedure that was done?
- A. BP apparatus
- B. Call bell
- C. IV infusion stand
- D. Endotracheal intubation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endotracheal intubation is essential in case of airway compromise.
You have been caring for a patient with osteomyelitis. In preparing the patient for discharge, you include teaching about
- A. The importance of completing the multiple-week treatment with antibiotics.
- B. The side effects and interactions of the medications.
- C. Symptoms that necessitate a call to the physician, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All aspects mentioned are crucial for effective post-discharge care and prevention of complications.
With regard to nystagmus:
- A. caloric nystagmus occurs when iced water is poured into the ear
- B. vestibular nystagmus occurs as a consequence of head rotation
- C. optokinetic nystagmus occurs as a consequence of the relative motion of the visual field
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Caloric, vestibular, and optokinetic nystagmus are all types of nystagmus caused by specific stimuli, such as temperature changes, head rotation, or visual field motion.
The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by:
- A. depression and anger
- B. hand tremors and confusion
- C. headaches and depression
- D. memory loss and confusion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first stage of Alzheimer's disease is typically marked by memory loss and confusion, particularly with recent events. As the disease progresses, more severe cognitive and functional impairments develop.