Nokea
Which cranial nerve lies in the junction between pons and medilla?
- A. abducent nerve (VI)
- B. facial nerve (VII)
- C. vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
- D. glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The abducent nerve (VI) emerges at the junction between the pons and medulla. It controls the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye.
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A patient who is severely brain damaged has decerebrate posturing with extended extremities. In which area of the brain should the nurse suspect the patient has sustained damage?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Brain stem
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decerebrate posturing, characterized by extended extremities, indicates damage to the brainstem, particularly the midbrain or pons. The cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus are not directly associated with this type of posturing. Recognizing decerebrate posturing is critical for assessing the severity of brain injury.
Why did the patient's wife's husband not receive clot-busting medication (tPA)?
- A. He didn't arrive within the timeframe for that therapy.
- B. Not everyone is eligible for this drug. Has he had surgery lately?
- C. You should discuss the treatment of your husband with his doctor.
- D. The medication you are talking about dissolves clots and could cause more bleeding in your husband's brain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: tPA is contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes because it can worsen bleeding
The brain's ability to change in response to experience or damage is called:
- A. lateralization
- B. lesioning
- C. neuroplasticity
- D. functionality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections in response to learning, experience, or injury. This adaptability allows the brain to compensate for damage and recover lost functions. Neuroplasticity is the basis for learning and memory and plays a crucial role in rehabilitation after brain injury. It highlights the brain's remarkable capacity for change and adaptation.
A nursing intervention that would be appropriate to provide respite care?
- A. Help the wife to arrange for adult day care for the patient.
- B. Encourage permanent placement of the patient in the Alzheimer's unit of a long-term care facility.
- C. Refer the wife to a home health agency to arrange daily home nursing visits to assist with the patient's care.
- D. Arrange for hospitalization of the patient for 3 or 4 days so that the wife can visit out-of-town friends and relatives.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adult day care provides temporary relief for caregivers
How do spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) differ from cranial nerves (CNs)?
- A. Only spinal nerves occur in pairs.
- B. CNs affect only the sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.
- C. Cell bodies of all CNs are located in the brain whereas cell bodies of spinal nerves are located in the spinal cord.
- D. All spinal nerves contain both afferent sensory and efferent motor fibers whereas CNs contain one or the other or both.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spinal nerves always contain both sensory and motor fibers, while cranial nerves can vary.