Nokea
A patient arrives in the ER with blurred and double vision, muscle weakness, and intolerance of temperature changes. The physician suspects multiple sclerosis. What test would you expect the physician to do in order to confirm his or her suspicions?
- A. CBC with a very low WBC count.
- B. MRI with gadolinium showing demyelination of nerve fibers.
- C. Endocrine function study with a low growth hormone and high T3 and T4.
- D. Fasting glucose test with a result over 300 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRI with gadolinium is used to identify demyelination, which is characteristic of multiple sclerosis.
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Priority Decision: During assessment of a patient with a spinal cord injury, the nurse determines that the patient has a poor cough with diaphragmatic breathing. Based on this finding, what should be the nurse's first action?
- A. Institute frequent turning and repositioning
- B. Use tracheal suctioning to remove secretions
- C. Assess lung sounds and respiratory rate and depth
- D. Prepare the patient for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessment ensures proper diagnosis before intervention.
Mr. Sands continues to be quiet and withdrawn several days after admission. Besides Raynaud phenomenon, he has generalized telangiectasis. He seldom initiates conversation, and although up ad lib, he rarely leaves his room. Which one of the following goals would be most important to develop in his nursing care plan?
- A. Provide for solitude and rest
- B. Protect from temperature extremes
- C. Enhance self-concept
- D. Move to a four-bed ward
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enhancing self-concept can improve social interaction and emotional well-being.
How do spinal nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) differ from cranial nerves (CNs)?
- A. Only spinal nerves occur in pairs.
- B. CNs affect only the sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.
- C. Cell bodies of all CNs are located in the brain whereas cell bodies of spinal nerves are located in the spinal cord.
- D. All spinal nerves contain both afferent sensory and efferent motor fibers whereas CNs contain one or the other or both.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spinal nerves always contain both sensory and motor fibers, while cranial nerves can vary.
The nurse teaches individuals that one of the best ways to prevent musculoskeletal injuries during physical exercise is by doing what?
- A. Increase muscle strength with daily isometric exercise
- B. Avoid exercising on concrete or hard pavement surfaces
- C. Perform stretching and warm-up exercises before exercise
- D. Wrap susceptible joints with elastic bandages or adhesive tape before exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stretching and warming up prepare the muscles and joints for physical activity, reducing the risk of injury.
How do humans usually contract neurocysticercosis?
- A. the bite of an infected arthropod
- B. exposure to contaminated cat feces
- C. swimming in contaminated water
- D. ingestion of undercooked pork
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, ingestion of undercooked pork. This is because neurocysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, which can be contracted by consuming undercooked pork containing the cysts. The other choices are incorrect because neurocysticercosis is not transmitted through arthropod bites, exposure to contaminated cat feces, or swimming in contaminated water. It is crucial to thoroughly cook pork to prevent this parasitic infection.