Nokea
The poison curare is a(n) ________ for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
- A. antagonist
- B. protagonist
- C. agonist
- D. cure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Curare is an antagonist for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, meaning it blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. This prevents acetylcholine from binding to its receptors and initiating muscle contraction, leading to paralysis. Curare has been used historically as a poison and in medical procedures to induce muscle relaxation. Its action highlights the importance of acetylcholine in muscle function and the effects of receptor blockade.
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The nurse practitioner conducting a neurological assessment on a patient uses a sterile cotton wisp to lightly touch the patient’s forehead, cheek, and chin. The nurse practitioner is testing the:
- A. Cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
- B. Cranial nerve VII (facial)
- C. Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)
- D. Cranial nerve II (optic)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cranial nerve V (trigeminal). The nurse practitioner is testing the trigeminal nerve's sensory function by using a sterile cotton wisp to assess light touch sensation in the patient's forehead, cheek, and chin. The trigeminal nerve has three branches - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular - which innervate these areas respectively. By assessing the patient's response to the light touch in these specific areas, the nurse practitioner can determine if the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is intact.
Summary:
B: Cranial nerve VII (facial) controls facial expression, not sensation.
C: Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) controls tongue movement, not facial sensation.
D: Cranial nerve II (optic) is responsible for vision, not facial sensation.
Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina?
- A. glossopharyngeal
- B. oculomotor
- C. optic
- D. vagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: optic nerve. The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain, including the hypothalamus. Light stimuli levels are detected by the retina and transmitted via the optic nerve to the hypothalamus for regulating various physiological processes.
A: glossopharyngeal - This nerve is responsible for taste and some motor functions in the throat, not related to light stimuli detection in the retina.
B: oculomotor - This nerve controls eye movements, not directly involved in transmitting light stimuli levels to the hypothalamus.
D: vagus - This nerve is responsible for parasympathetic functions in the body, not related to processing light stimuli information in the retina.
Why does a nurse position a patient with an above-the-knee amputation with a delayed prosthetic fitting prone several times a day?
- A. To prevent flexion contractures
- B. To assess the posterior skin flap
- C. To reduce edema in the residual limb
- D. To relieve pressure on the incision site
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prone positioning prevents contractures.
What is a normal response when assessing the pupillary light reflex?
- A. Pupils constrict in response to light and then dilate when light is removed.
- B. Pupils remain dilated regardless of light exposure.
- C. Pupils remain constricted regardless of light exposure.
- D. Pupils respond unevenly to light.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal pupillary light reflex involves constriction in response to light and dilation when light is removed. Uneven or absent responses are abnormal.
A client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis has an acute onset of visual changes, fatigue, and leg weakness. The client says that the last time this happened, recovery occurred in a few weeks. Which classification of multiple sclerosis is the client experiencing?
- A. Progressive-relapsing
- B. Secondary-progressive
- C. Relapsing-remitting
- D. Primary-progressive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Relapsing-remitting MS is characterized by periods of exacerbation followed by partial or complete recovery. This pattern matches the client's description of their symptoms.